Modelling PFAS transport in Lake Ekoln: Implications for drinking water safety in the stockholm region.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are found frequently in both groundwater and surface water sources across Sweden posing challenges to drinking water supply. Lake Ekoln is located south of Uppsala and is the basin of Lake Mälaren; Lake Mälaren is the third largest lake in Sweden and is the drinking water source for more than two million people. The aim of this study was to simulate the fate and transport of PFAS in Lake Ekoln during the period 2017-2020 using three-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling.

Factors associated with malnutrition among older people in Swedish short-term care: Poor oral health, dysphagia and mortality.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between malnutrition and potential contributing factors such as poor oral health, dysphagia and mortality among older people in short-term care.

Methods: This cross-sectional study is a part of the multidisciplinary multicentre project SOFIA (Swallowing function, Oral health and Food Intake in old Age), which includes older people (≥65 years) in 36 short-term care units in five regions of Sweden. Nutritional status was measured with version II of the Minimal Eating Observation and Nutrition Form (MEONF-II), oral health with the Revised Oral Assessment Guide (ROAG), dysphagia with a water swallow test, and the mortality rate was followed for 1 year.

Mentoring medical students as a means to increase healthcare assistant status: A qualitative study.

Aim: To offer a practical way in which the status of healthcare assistants (HCAs) can be increased by drawing on their experience, knowledge and skillset, whilst mentoring medical students during an HCA project.

Design: Qualitative, reflexive thematic analysis.

Methods: One-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted between April and June 2019, with 13 participants.

The holistic effects of medical cannabis compared to opioids on pain experience in Finnish patients with chronic pain.

Background: Medical cannabis (MC) is increasingly used for chronic pain, but it is unclear how it aids in pain management. Previous literature suggests that MC could holistically alter the pain experience instead of only targeting pain intensity. However, this hypothesis has not been previously systematically tested.

Validation of the Swedish version of the safe environment for every kid (SEEK) parent screening questionnaire.

Background: Psychosocial risk factors in the home may impair children's health and development and increase the risk of maltreatment. The Safe Environment for Every Kid (SEEK) model was developed to provide pediatric primary care professionals with a structured way to identify common psychosocial problems. The SEEK model includes use of the Parent Screening Questionnaire (SEEK-PSQ) at routine preventive child health visits, discussion with parents about their responses and, when indicated, referral to relevant services.

Patient care, integration and collaboration of physician associates in multiprofessional teams: A mixed methods study.

Aims: The aim of the study was to explore the physician associate role in patient care, integration and collaboration with team members, within the hospital setting.

Design: Convergent mixed methods case study design.

Methods: Questionnaires with some open-ended questions and semi-structured interviews were analysed with descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

"From doing to knowing": medical students' experiences of working as Healthcare Assistants.

There is growing recognition that doctors need to deliver person-centered care. More evidence is needed on how to best equip students in an already busy curriculum. Providing medical students with the opportunity to work as Healthcare Assistants (HCAs) can help them develop the desired skills.

Medical students working as health care assistants: an evaluation.

Background: The General Medical Council requires that medical students are taught human values and how to work effectively with colleagues. Health care assistants (HCAs) provide fundamental patient care as part of the wider health care team. Reports suggest that medical students gain valuable insights when working as HCAs.

Purposeful involvement of experts by experience.

Background: There is a growing requirement from professional bodies in the UK that health and social care education must include the voice of experts by experience (EbE). Active steps have been taken at the international level in order to truly embed their involvement. In parallel with this development, there is compounding evidence collated globally that links interprofessional education (IPE) to improved health outcomes.

Using interprofessional dementia learning opportunities to prepare the future healthcare workforce: findings from a pilot study.

Nearly 50 million people worldwide are living with dementia. Communication difficulties linked to this illness demand that all healthcare professionals are prepared to meet the needs of this group of service users. In response to this, the United Kingdom government is calling for professionals to acquire a basic (Tier 1) Dementia Awareness (DA) qualification.

University teachers' views of interprofessional learning and their role in achieving outcomes - a qualitative study.

Over the past decade, there has been a rapid increase in higher education institutions offering opportunities for interprofessional learning (IPL) to their students. The literature presents a number of factors that contribute to effective IPL, including having trained facilitators that help optimise the learning process. Many of these IPL facilitators are university teachers and the literature provides us with some insight into their views of IPL.

Training students as interprofessional learning facilitators: An exploratory study highlighting the need to build confidence.

Interprofessional learning (IPL) aims to equip students for future interprofessional and collaborative practice. Involving students as IPL facilitators is becoming increasingly commonplace as an attempt to catalyse the necessary transformation of our workforce needed to deliver truly integrated and person-centred care. Evidence in the literature highlights the key role of trained facilitators in reaching successful IPL outcomes.

Promoting collaboration in emergency medicine.

Background: Collaborative practice between paramedics and medical staff is essential for ensuring the safe handover of patients. Handover of care is a critical time in the patient journey, when effective communication and collaborative practice are central to promoting patient safety and to avoiding medical error. To encourage effective collaboration between paramedic and medical students, an innovative, practice-based simulation exercise, known as interprofessional clinical skills (ICS) was developed at the University of East Anglia, UK.

Caring for attitudes as a means of caring for patients--improving medical, pharmacy and nursing students' attitudes to each other's professions by engaging them in interprofessional learning.

Introduction: Negative attitudes between pharmacists, doctors and nurses can impact adversely on patients' medicines management. A seven-week interprofessional learning (IPL) intervention was delivered to foster positive attitudes.

Methods: First-year pharmacy, nursing and medical students' attitudes were assessed using the Attitudes to Health Professionals Questionnaire before and after IPL intervention.

Multiple deficits in ADHD: executive dysfunction, delay aversion, reaction time variability, and emotional deficits.

Background: The notion that ADHD constitutes a heterogeneous disorder is well accepted. However, this study contributes with new important knowledge by examining independent effects of a large range of neuropsychological deficits. In addition, the study investigated whether deficits in emotional functioning constitute a dissociable component of ADHD.

Reflections and unprompted observations by healthcare students of an interprofessional shadowing visit.

This paper reports work from a Centre for Interprofessional Practice in a higher education institution in the UK that offers four levels of interprofessional learning (IPL) to all healthcare students. The second level (IPL2) integrates professional practice into the learning process, requiring students to shadow a qualified healthcare professional (from a different profession) for half a day. Students complete a reflective statement upon their learning experience on their return.

Visual function and white matter microstructure in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) adolescents--a DTI study.

Premature birth is associated with visual impairments, due to both cerebral and ocular pathology. This study examined the relationship between cerebral white matter microstructure, evaluated by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and visual function, in 30 preterm born adolescents with very low birth weight (VLBW=birth weight⩽1500g) and an age-matched group of 45 term born controls. Visual acuity correlated positively with fractional anisotropy (FA) in corpus callosum and in frontal white matter areas in the VLBW participants, but not in the control participants.

Cognitive profile in young adults born preterm at very low birthweight.

Aim: the aim of this study was to assess cognitive function at the age of 19 years in individuals of very low birthweight (VLBW; ≤ 1500g) and in term-born comparison individuals.

Method: in this hospital-based follow-up study, 55 VLBW participants (30 males, 25 females; mean birthweight 1217g, SD 233g; mean gestational age 29.1wks, SD 2.

Facilitator training for educators involved in interprofessional learning.

The provision of interprofessional education (IPE) within undergraduate healthcare programmes is now widespread, and a selection of approaches can be found in the literature. Although no optimal method of delivering IPE has been identified, some key elements, such as effective facilitation, are acknowledged to be a crucial part of successful IPE. However, to date, limited guidance is available on how to prepare facilitators involved in interprofessional learning (IPL).

A two-week stay in an Interprofessional Training Unit changes students' attitudes to health professionals.

Attitudes amongst health professionals can impact on the effectiveness of teamworking and patient care. Interprofessional education (IPE) is thought to contribute to the development of positive attitudes. An Interprofessional Training Unit (ITU) was set up to create an optimal learning environment for healthcare students.

Biogeochemistry in highly reduced mussel farm sediments during macrofaunal recolonization by Amphiura filiformis and Nephtys sp.

Mussel farming is considered a viable means for reducing coastal eutrophication. This study assessed the importance of bioturbation by recolonizing fauna for benthic solute fluxes and porewater distributions in manipulated mussel farm sediments. Three consecutive time-series flux incubations were performed during an experimental period of three weeks in sieved farm sediment treated with the brittle star Amphiura filiformis and the polychaete Nephtys sp.

Training and transfer effects of executive functions in preschool children.

Executive functions, including working memory and inhibition, are of central importance to much of human behavior. Interventions intended to improve executive functions might therefore serve an important purpose. Previous studies show that working memory can be improved by training, but it is unknown if this also holds for inhibition, and whether it is possible to train executive functions in preschoolers.

The development, outline and evaluation of the second level of an interprofessional learning programme – listening to the students.

The delivery and content of interprofessional education (IPE) varies greatly. Currently there is little evidence to suggest the most effective approach. This paper describes an interprofessional learning programme offered to second year healthcare students (IPL2), which was developed together with the students.

Brief report: manipulation of task difficulty in inhibitory control tasks.

The present study investigated how task difficulty can be manipulated in inhibitory control tasks. Tasks from three widely used task paradigms - a Go/No-Go task, a Stop-Signal task,and a Flanker task - were manipulated on two parameters each (Go/No-Go task: interstimulus interval, prepotency. Stop-signal task: stop-signal-delay, prepotency.