Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Washout Period Prior to Angiotensin Receptor/Neprilysin Inhibitor Initiation in the Inpatient Setting.

Background: The 2022 AHA-ACC HFSA Guideline for Management of Heart Failure recommend initiating an angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who can tolerate an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi). The manufacturer recommends initiating a 36-hour washout period when switching from ACEi to ARNI due to an increased risk of adverse effects, including angioedema. This study investigated the adherence to the washout period when transitioning from ACEi to ARNI at a community hospital.

Population pharmacokinetics and target attainment analysis of vancomycin after intermittent dosing in adults with cystic fibrosis.

Vancomycin is the first-line agent to treat pulmonary infections caused by methicillin-resistant (MRSA) in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). However, there is no consensus on vancomycin initial dosing in this population among health institutions, and there is a large variability in initial dosing across the United States. In this study, we characterized the pharmacokinetics (PK) of vancomycin in PwCF using a population PK approach.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of continuous infusion vancomycin in adult people with cystic fibrosis.

Background: The American Thoracic Society Guidelines recommend vancomycin as first line option for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Two studies have described the pharmacokinetics (PK) of intermittent intravenous (IV) vancomycin in adult people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). Currently, there have not been any studies describing the PK of continuous infusion vancomycin in PwCF.

Baclofen and Tizanidine Adverse Effects Observed Among Community-Dwelling Adults Above the Age of 50 Years: A Systematic Review.

Objective: This review highlights adverse effects of baclofen and tizanidine in older community-dwelling adults.

Data Sources: A literature search was conducted, including search terms of "adverse effect," "baclofen," "elderly," "falls," "fractures," and "tizanidine." Studies were included if they described community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and older who received oral baclofen or tizanidine.

Triple-Decker Iron and Cobalt Complexes Featuring a Bridging 1,2-Diboratabenzene Ligand.

Neutral triple-decker iron and cobalt complexes with a bridging 1,2-diboratabenzene ligand were accessed by reactions of a dilithium 1,2-diboratabenzene reagent with [Cp*FeCl] and [Cp*CoCl], respectively. While 1,2-diboratabenzene metal complexes are known, these represent the first examples of the ligand bridging two metals.

Pharmacokinetics of intermittent dosed intravenous vancomycin in adult persons with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Antibiotics have altered pharmacokinetics (PK) in persons with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) during treatment for an acute pulmonary exacerbation (APE). The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Pulmonary Guidelines-Treatment of Pulmonary Exacerbations do not provide specific recommendations for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) lung infections. However, the American Thoracic Society Guidelines recommend vancomycin as the first-line therapy.

Unlocking metal coordination of diborylamides through ring constraints.

A cyclic lithium diborylamide compound was synthesized and crystallographically characterized, revealing strong Li-N bonding in sharp contrast to previous linear diborylamides. Two iron(II) diborylamide complexes were also synthesized, including a 2-coordinate Fe bis(diborylamide) complex. The present cyclic diborylamide represents a new addition to the growing scope of amide ligands.

Electrochemical C-H bond activation cationic iridium hydride pincer complexes.

A C-H bond activation strategy based on electrochemical activation of a metal hydride is introduced. Electrochemical oxidation of ( PCP)IrH ( PCP is [1,3-( BuPCH)-CH]) in the presence of pyridine derivatives generates cationic Ir hydride complexes of the type [( PCP)IrH(L)] (where L = pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, or 2-phenylpyridine). Facile deprotonation of [( PCP)IrH(2,6-lutidine)] with the phosphazene base -butylimino-tris(pyrrolidino)phosphorane, BuP(pyrr), results in selective C-H activation of 1,2-difluorobenzene (1,2-DFB) solvent to generate ( PCP)Ir(H)(2,3-CFH).

Screening tools for detecting problematic opioid use and potential application to community pharmacy practice: a review.

Problematic opioid use, constituted by a myriad of conditions ranging from misuse to use disorders, has continued to receive an increasing amount of attention in recent years resulting from the high use of opioids in the United States coinciding with morbidity and mortality. Deaths from drug overdoses increased by over 11% between 2014 and 2015, which supports the need for identification of problematic opioid use in additional health care settings. One of these settings is community pharmacy.

Mechanism of Chemical and Electrochemical N Splitting by a Rhenium Pincer Complex.

A comprehensive mechanistic study of N activation and splitting into terminal nitride ligands upon reduction of the rhenium dichloride complex [ReCl(PNP)] is presented (PNP = N(CHCHP tBu)). Low-temperature studies using chemical reductants enabled full characterization of the N-bridged intermediate [{(PNP)ClRe}(N)] and kinetic analysis of the N-N bond scission process. Controlled potential electrolysis at room temperature also resulted in formation of the nitride product [Re(N)Cl(PNP)].

A Ruthenium Hydrido Dinitrogen Core Conserved across Multielectron/Multiproton Changes to the Pincer Ligand Backbone.

A series of ruthenium(II) hydrido dinitrogen complexes supported by pincer ligands in different formal oxidation states have been prepared and characterized. Treating a ruthenium dichloride complex supported by the pincer ligand bis(di-tert-butylphosphinoethyl)amine (H-PNP) with reductant or base generates new five-coordinate cis-hydridodinitrogen ruthenium complexes each containing different forms of the pincer ligand. Further ligand transformations provide access to the first isostructural set of complexes featuring all six different forms of the pincer ligand.

Ammonia Synthesis from a Pincer Ruthenium Nitride via Metal-Ligand Cooperative Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer.

The conversion of metal nitride complexes to ammonia may be essential to dinitrogen fixation. We report a new reduction pathway that utilizes ligating acids and metal-ligand cooperation to effect this conversion without external reductants. Weak acids such as 4-methoxybenzoic acid and 2-pyridone react with nitride complex [(H-PNP)RuN] (H-PNP = HN(CHCHPBu)) to generate octahedral ammine complexes that are κ-chelated by the conjugate base.

Efficient Bimolecular Mechanism of Photochemical Hydrogen Production Using Halogenated Boron-Dipyrromethene (Bodipy) Dyes and a Bis(dimethylglyoxime) Cobalt(III) Complex.

A series of Boron-dipyrromethene (Bodipy) dyes were used as photosensitizers for photochemical hydrogen production in conjunction with [Co(III)(dmgH)2pyCl] (where dmgH = dimethylglyoximate, py = pyridine) as the catalyst and triethanolamine (TEOA) as the sacrificial electron donor. The Bodipy dyes are fully characterized by electrochemistry, X-ray crystallography, quantum chemistry calculations, femtosecond transient absorption, and time-resolved fluorescence, as well as in long-term hydrogen production assays. Consistent with other recent reports, only systems containing halogenated chromophores were active for hydrogen production, as the long-lived triplet state is necessary for efficient bimolecular electron transfer.

Neutral Fe(IV) alkylidenes, including some that bind dinitrogen.

Neutral, formally Fe(IV) alkylidene species are sought as plausible olefin metathesis catalysts, and the synthesis of several is described herein. The complexes are prepared via nucleophilic attack (Nu = MeLi, PhCH2K, 2-picolyllithium, Me2PCH2Li, MePhPCH2Li, Ph2PCH2Li) at the imine of cationic [mer-{κ-C,N,C-(C6H4-yl)-2-CH=N(2-C6H4-C(iPr)=)}Fe(PMe3)3][B(3,5-CF3-C6H3)4]. In contrast, MeMgCl and mesityllithium displaced and deprotonated bound PMe3, respectively.

Fe(iv) alkylidenes protonation of Fe(ii) vinyl chelates and a comparative Mössbauer spectroscopic study.

Treatment of -MeFe(PMe) with di-1,2-(-2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinyl)benzene ((bdvp)H), a tetradentate ligand precursor, afforded (bdvp)Fe(PMe) (-PMe) and 2 equiv. CH, C-H bond activation. Similar treatments with tridentate ligand precursors PhCH[double bond, length as m-dash]NCH(-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CHPh) ((pipp)H) and PhCH[double bond, length as m-dash]N(2-CCMe-Ph) ((pipa)H) under dinitrogen provided -(pipp)Fe(PMe)N () and -(pipvd)Fe(PMe)N (), respectively; the latter one C-H bond activation, and a subsequent insertion of the alkyne into the remaining Fe-Me bond.

Intervention-based stochastic disease eradication.

Disease control is of paramount importance in public health, with infectious disease extinction as the ultimate goal. Although diseases may go extinct due to random loss of effective contacts where the infection is transmitted to new susceptible individuals, the time to extinction in the absence of control may be prohibitively long. Intervention controls are typically defined on a deterministic schedule.

A mechanochemical model for auto-regulation of lung airway surface layer volume.

We develop a proof-of-principle model for auto-regulation of water volume in the lung airway surface layer (ASL) by coupling biochemical kinetics, transient ASL volume, and homeostatic mechanical stresses. The model is based on the hypothesis that ASL volume is sensed through soluble mediators and phasic stresses generated by beating cilia and air drag forces. Model parameters are fit based on the available data on human bronchial epithelial cell cultures.

Noise Induced Pattern Switching in Randomly Distributed Delayed Swarms.

We study the effects of noise on the dynamics of a system of coupled self-propelling particles in the case where the coupling is time-delayed, and the delays are discrete and randomly generated. Previous work has demonstrated that the stability of a class of emerging patterns depends upon all moments of the time delay distribution, and predicts their bifurcation parameter ranges. Near the bifurcations of these patterns, noise may induce a transition from one type of pattern to another.

Statistical multimoment bifurcations in random-delay coupled swarms.

We study the effects of discrete, randomly distributed time delays on the dynamics of a coupled system of self-propelling particles. Bifurcation analysis on a mean field approximation of the system reveals that the system possesses patterns with certain universal characteristics that depend on distinguished moments of the time delay distribution. Specifically, we show both theoretically and numerically that although bifurcations of simple patterns, such as translations, change stability only as a function of the first moment of the time delay distribution, more complex patterns arising from Hopf bifurcations depend on all of the moments.

Multicomponent hydrodynamic model for heterogeneous biofilms: two-dimensional numerical simulations of growth and interaction with flows.

We develop a tricomponent (ternary) hydrodynamic model for multiphase flows of biomass and solvent mixtures, which we employ to simulate biofilm. In this model, the three predominant effective components in biofilms, which are the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) network, the bacteria, and the effective solvent (consisting of the solvent and nutrient, etc.), are modeled explicitly.

Spatial Stress and Strain Distributions of Viscoelastic Layers in Oscillatory Shear.

One of the standard experimental probes of a viscoelastic material is to measure the response of a layer trapped between parallel surfaces, imposing either periodic stress or strain at one boundary and measuring the other. The relative phase between stress and strain yields solid-like and liquid-like properties, called the storage and loss moduli, respectively, which are then captured over a range of imposed frequencies. Rarely are the full spatial distributions of shear and normal stresses considered, primarily because they cannot be measured except at boundaries and the information was not deemed of particular interest in theoretical studies.

Randomly Distributed Delayed Communication and Coherent Swarm Patterns.

Previously we showed how delay communication between globally coupled self-propelled agents causes new spatio-temporal patterns to arise when the delay coupling is fixed among all agents [1]. In this paper, we show how discrete, randomly distributed delays affect the dynamical patterns. In particular, we investigate how the standard deviation of the time delay distribution affects the stability of the different patterns as well as the switching probability between coherent states.

Modeling synchronization in networks of delay-coupled fiber ring lasers.

We study the onset of synchronization in a network of N delay-coupled stochastic fiber ring lasers with respect to various parameters when the coupling power is weak. In particular, for groups of three or more ring lasers mutually coupled to a central hub laser, we demonstrate a robust tendency toward out-of-phase (achronal) synchronization between the N-1 outer lasers and the single inner laser. In contrast to the achronal synchronization, we find the outer lasers synchronize with zero-lag (isochronal) with respect to each other, thus forming a set of N-1 coherent fiber lasers.

Making hydrogen from water using a homogeneous system without noble metals.

A photocatalytic noble metal-free system for the generation of hydrogen has been constructed using Eosin Y (1) as a photosensitizer, the complex [Co(dmgH)(2)pyCl](2+) (5, dmgH = dimethylglyoximate, py = pyridine) as a molecular catalyst, and triethanolamine (TEOA) as a sacrificial reducing agent. The system produces H(2) with an initial rate of approximately 100 turnovers per hour upon irradiation with visible light (lambda > 450 nm). Addition of free dmgH(2) greatly increases the durability of the system addition of 12 equiv of dmgH(2) (vs cobalt) to the system produces approximately 900 turnovers of H(2) after 14 h of irradiation.