Harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) in two novel nicotine pouch products in comparison with regular smokeless tobacco products and pharmaceutical nicotine replacement therapy products (NRTs).

Background: Tobacco-free nicotine pouches is a novel category of oral nicotine-delivery products. Among current tobacco users such pouches may serve as a low-risk alternative to cigarettes or conventional, tobacco-based oral products e.g.

Pathology in Practice.

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.

Nanoscale Hydration in Layered Manganese Oxides.

Birnessite is a layered MnO mineral capable of intercalating nanometric water films in its bulk. With its variable distributions of Mn oxidation states (Mn, Mn, and Mn), cationic vacancies, and interlayer cationic populations, birnessite plays key roles in catalysis, energy storage solutions, and environmental (geo)chemistry. We here report the molecular controls driving the nanoscale intercalation of water in potassium-exchanged birnessite nanoparticles.

Intraocular Lens Power, Myopia, and the Risk of Nd:YAG Capsulotomy after 15,375 Cataract Surgeries.

The present study estimated the 5-year cumulative probability of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy according to the diopter power of implanted hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs). Data were retrospectively collected of 15,375 eyes having cataract surgery and in-the-bag implantation of hydrophobic acrylic monofocal IOLs at the Ophthalmology Unit of Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland between the years 2007 and 2016. The cumulative probability of Nd:YAG capsulotomy was calculated by Kaplan-Meier estimates, and potential risk factors were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Leadership, Spirituality, and the Legacy of Helen "Lena" Astin.

What will be your legacy? is a "big" question that challenges us to consider how we will engage our passions and talents to make a difference in the world. This chapter celebrates the legacy of Helen "Lena" Astin in the context of her contributions to how we think about and exercise leadership and to what we understand about spirituality, particularly the spiritual lives of undergraduate students.

Comparison of Two Different Treat-and-Extend Protocols with Aflibercept in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Two-Year Results.

Introduction: To optimize the aflibercept treat-and-extend protocol in wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) beyond the 1-year interim report.

Methods: This 2-year prospective randomized clinical trial included 52 eyes from 52 patients with treatment-naïve wAMD. After the induction phase of three monthly aflibercept injections, patients were randomized 1:1 to two different treat-and-extend protocols.

Early conservation benefits of a de facto marine protected area at San Clemente Island, California.

De facto marine protected areas (DFMPAs) are regions of the ocean where human activity is restricted for reasons other than conservation. Although DFMPAs are widespread globally, their potential role in the protection of marine habitats, species, and ecosystems has not been well studied. In 2012 and 2013, we conducted remotely operated vehicle (ROV) surveys of marine communities at a military DFMPA closed to all civilian access since 2010 and an adjacent fished reference site at San Clemente Island, the southernmost of California's Channel Islands.

Comparison of two different treat-and-extend protocols with aflibercept in wet age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To optimize the aflibercept treat-and-extend protocol in wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD).

Methods: A prospective randomized clinical trial consisting of 52 eyes from 52 patients with treatment-naïve wAMD. Patients received three monthly aflibercept injections and were then randomized 1:1 to two different dosing protocols.

Perioperative subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide injection for prevention of inflammation and macular oedema after cataract surgery.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of a single perioperative subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) with steroid drops for the prevention of macular oedema and ocular inflammation after cataract surgery.

Methods: This prospective non-randomized controlled clinical trial analysed 101 eyes of 101 patients having an elective cataract surgery at Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland. Fifty eyes received conventional postoperative care with dexamethasone 1 mg/ml eye drops (DEX), and 51 eyes received a perioperative 20 mg subconjunctival injection of TA.

Health and Body Conditions of Riding School Horses Housed in Groups or Kept in Conventional Tie-Stall/Box Housing.

We compared welfare measures of horses among Swedish riding schools (RS) during winter where horses were kept either in group housing ( = 8) or in tie-stalls/boxes ( = 8), Health data for six previous months were obtained for all horses at each RS from their records. Ten horses per RS were examined, with the exception of one where only 8 horses were examined. Health conditions and body condition score (BCS) using the Henneke scale were recorded and management factors were quantified (health check routines, feeding, housing-related risk factors, time outside).

Five-Year Cumulative Incidence and Risk Factors of Nd:YAG Capsulotomy in 10 044 Hydrophobic Acrylic 1-Piece and 3-Piece Intraocular Lenses.

Purpose: To evaluate the 5-year cumulative incidence and risk factors of Nd:YAG capsulotomy between hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Methods: A review of the registry of operations between the years 2007 and 2016 was carried out at the Ophthalmology Unit of Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland.

Improving hospital food menu quality: an experimental approach.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the negative impressions consumers hold toward institutional food can be remedied by subtle changes in menu descriptions. While an expectancy-disconfirmation explanation would suggest this, a negativity bias explanation would suggest otherwise.

Design/methodology/approach: The authors test the research question using an experimental 2 × 2 full factorial design, with data collected from 100 university students.

Postoperative management in cataract surgery: nepafenac and preservative-free diclofenac compared.

Purpose: Current cataract surgery guidelines recommend routine use of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in preventing pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema (PCME). Here, we compare the clinical efficacy and tolerability of two potent NSAIDs, nepafenac and preservative-free diclofenac following cataract surgery.

Methods: Randomized, double-blind, prospective single-centre study.

Ambulatory veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) is used for support in patients with severe respiratory failure. The method allows extracorporeal gas exchange and may replace the patient's lung function for weeks and even years. ECMO is not a contraindication for lung transplant.

Cannulation for veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is described as a modified, smaller cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. The veno-venous (VV) ECMO circuit drains venous blood, oxygenate the blood, and pump the blood back into the same venous compartment. Draining and reinfusing in the same compartment means there are a risk of recirculation.

Improving eye care services with a lean approach.

Purpose: Effective provision of eye care services in government-financed hospitals is essential to balance the discrepancy between growing demand and limited resources. We aimed to improve efficiency of the treatment protocol for Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Predetermined quality targets were a patient-oriented and patient-safe approach and the development of a clinical care process with purposeful use of competences.

Anti-inflammatory medication following cataract surgery: a randomized trial between preservative-free dexamethasone, diclofenac and their combination.

Purpose: To examine the anti-inflammatory efficacy and tolerance between preservative-free dexamethasone (DEX) and diclofenac (DICL) eye drops, and their combination following cataract surgery.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, prospective single-centre study with 189 eyes of 180 patients undergoing routine cataract surgery. Laser flare meter measurement and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging were conducted before surgery and at the 28-day postoperative visit.

Intravitreal bevacizumab injections versus dexamethasone implant for treatment-naïve retinal vein occlusion related macular edema.

Purpose: To compare the short-term effects of three monthly intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injections to single dexamethasone (DEX) implantation in treatment-naïve patients with cystoid macular edema (CME) secondary to branch (BRVO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).

Design: A retrospective single-center study.

Subjects: A total of 135 eyes of 135 patients with BRVO (n=83) and CRVO (n=52).

Poor glycemic control as a risk factor for pseudophakic cystoid macular edema in patients with diabetes.

Purpose: To specify the risk factors for pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients with diabetes.

Setting: Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Unit of Ophthalmology, Kotka, Finland.

Design: Prospective case series.