Incidence of buprenorphine-precipitated opioid withdrawal in adults with opioid use disorder: A systematic review.

Background And Aims: Buprenorphine is an evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder, and the risk of precipitated withdrawal contributes to its underuse. The goal of this systematic review was to determine the incidence of buprenorphine-precipitated withdrawal in adults with opioid use disorder.

Methods: This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023437634).

Steric Engineering of Rotaxane Catalysts: Benefits and Limits of Using the Mechanical Bond in Catalyst Design.

The mechanical bond is emerging as a novel design element in catalyst development. Here, we report a series of 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol (BINOL) based catalysts in which the number of interlocked macrocycles is varied. Unsurprisingly, the macrocycles have a profound steric influence on the catalytic performance of these molecules.

Fully Degradable Polyphosphoester Cubosomes for Sustainable Agrochemical Delivery.

Microplastic pollution and the urgent need for sustainable agriculture have raised interest in developing degradable carriers for controlled agrochemical release. Porous polymeric particles are particularly promising due to their unique release profiles compared to solid or core-shell carriers. However, creating degradable, mesoporous (2-50 nm) microparticles is challenging, and their potential for agrochemical delivery is largely unexplored.

Cross-linked Triblock Peptide Capsules as Potential Oxygen Carriers.

Perfluorodecalin (PFD)-filled capsules have been studied for over 15 years as artificial oxygen carriers. However, none of these capsules combines good biocompatibility, good mechanical stability and dispersion stability. Here we propose to use synthetic triblock peptides containing a central block of cysteine units as a cross-linking shell material for capsules with both good biocompatibility and stability.

Neural effects of deep brain stimulation on reward and loss anticipation and food viewing in anorexia nervosa: a pilot study.

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe and life-threatening psychiatric disorder. Initial studies on deep brain stimulation (DBS) in severe, treatment-refractory AN have shown clinical effects. However, the working mechanisms of DBS in AN remain largely unknown.

Design, synthesis and characterisation of a novel type II B-RAF paradox breaker inhibitor.

The mutation V600E in B-Raf leads to mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation, uncontrolled cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis. ATP competitive type I B-Raf inhibitors, such as vemurafenib (1) and PLX4720 (4) efficiently block the MAPK pathways in B-Raf mutant cells, however these inhibitors induce conformational changes in the wild type B-Raf (B-Raf) kinase domain leading to heterodimerization with C-Raf, causing paradoxical hyperactivation of the MAPK pathway. This unwanted activation may be avoided by another class of inhibitors (type II) which bind the kinase in the DFG-out conformation, such as AZ628 (3) preventing heterodimerization.

A suggested climate service for cyanobacteria blooms in the Baltic Sea - Comparing three monitoring methods.

Dense blooms of filamentous cyanobacteria are recurrent phenomena in the Baltic Sea, with occasional negative effects on the surrounding ecosystem, as well as on tourism, human health, aquaculture, and fisheries. Establishing a climate service is therefore suggested; including multi-method observations of cyanobacteria biomass, biodiversity, and biogeography, in correspondence to biotic and abiotic factors. Three different approaches were compared for determination of spatial and temporal variability and trends of the blooms; 1) microscopy-based long-term data, 2) satellite remote sensing, and 3) phycocyanin fluorescence mounted on a merchant vessel.

Inputs of disinfection by-products to the marine environment from various industrial activities: Comparison to natural production.

Oxidative treatment of seawater in coastal and shipboard installations is applied to control biofouling and/or minimize the input of noxious or invasive species into the marine environment. This treatment allows a safe and efficient operation of industrial installations and helps to protect human health from infectious diseases and to maintain the biodiversity in the marine environment. On the downside, the application of chemical oxidants generates undesired organic compounds, so-called disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are discharged into the marine environment.

Confinement Assembly of Terpolymer-Based Janus Nanoparticles.

While the confinement assembly of block copolymers into functional microparticles has been extensively studied, little is known about the behavior of Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) in spherical confinement. Here, the confinement self-assembly of JNPs in drying emulsion droplets is investigated and their behavior compared to their ABC triblock terpolymer precursors. Emulsions of both materials are prepared using Shirasu Porous Glass membranes leading to narrow size distributions of the microparticles with average hydrodynamic radii in the range of R  = 250-500 nm (depending on the membrane pore radius, R ).

Characterization and Optimization of AZO Nanoparticles as Coatings for Flexible Substrates toward High IR Reflectivity.

Energy consumption by air-conditioning is expansive and leads to the emission of millions of tons of CO every year. A promising approach to circumvent this problem is the reflection of solar radiation: Rooms that would not heat up by irradiation will not need to be cooled down. Especially, transparent conductive metal oxides exhibit high infrared (IR) reflectivity and are commonly applied as low-emissivity coatings (low-e coatings).

Synthesis and characterization of enzymatically active micrometer protein-capsules.

This work describes a general method for the encapsulation of enzymes with albumin as wall material and the enzyme catalase as prime example. Care was taken for the preparation of biochemically active sub-micrometer particles in order to prevent oxygen toxicity induced by artificial oxygen carriers of any type. In cell culture experiments, capsules containing catalase did not exhibit any harmful activities in the absence of peroxides.

A supramolecular double-helix based on complementary phosphate-guanidinium pairing.

A double-helical supramolecular structure was formed by self-assembly of 1,1'-binaphthyl-based bisguanidines and bisphosphoric acids. Interestingly the homochiral (,) + (,)-pair forms a left-handed double-helix, while the heterochiral (,) + (,)-pair forms a non-helical dimer.

Cross-cohort generalizability of deep and conventional machine learning for MRI-based diagnosis and prediction of Alzheimer's disease.

This work validates the generalizability of MRI-based classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and controls (CN) to an external data set and to the task of prediction of conversion to AD in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We used a conventional support vector machine (SVM) and a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) approach based on structural MRI scans that underwent either minimal pre-processing or more extensive pre-processing into modulated gray matter (GM) maps. Classifiers were optimized and evaluated using cross-validation in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; 334 AD, 520 CN).

Complement Component 3 Is Required for Tissue Damage, Neutrophil Infiltration, and Ensuring NET Formation in Acute Pancreatitis.

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are known to play an important role in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis (AP). Activation of the complement cascade has been shown to occur in AP. The aim of this study was to examine whether complement component 3 is involved in the generation of NETs in AP.

Controlling the Surface Functionalization of Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles by Sequence-Defined Macromolecules.

Ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (diameter about 2 nm) were surface-functionalized with cysteine-carrying precision macromolecules. These consisted of sequence-defined oligo(amidoamine)s (OAAs) with either two or six cysteine molecules for binding to the gold surface and either with or without a PEG chain (3400 Da). They were characterized by H NMR spectroscopy, H NMR diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.

Accelerated trypsin autolysis by affinity polymer templates.

Self-cleavage of proteins is an important natural process that is difficult to control externally. Recently a new mechanism for the accelerated autolysis of trypsin was discovered involving polyanionic template polymers; however it relies on unspecific interactions and is inactive at elevated salt loads. We have now developed affinity copolymers that bind to the surface of proteases by specific recognition of selected amino acid residues.

Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein regulates neutrophil extracellular trap formation and tissue damage in acute pancreatitis.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a key role in the development of acute pancreatitis (AP). In the present study, we studied the role of extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP), a novel damage-associated-molecular-pattern molecule, in severe AP. C57BL/6 mice underwent retrograde infusion of taurocholate into the pancreatic duct.

Prevention of Decompression Sickness by Novel Artificial Oxygen Carriers.

Unlabelled: For three decades, studies have demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of perfluorocarbon (PFC) in reducing the onset of decompression trauma. However, none of these emulsion-based preparations are accepted for therapeutic use in the western world, mainly because of severe side effects and a long organ retention time. A new development to guarantee a stable dispersion without these disadvantages is the encapsulation of PFC in nanocapsules with an albumin shell.

Synthesis and characterisation of aqueous haemoglobin-based microcapsules coated by genipin-cross-linked albumin.

Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated haemoglobin (Hb)-microcapsules prepared by co-precipitation of Hb and MnCO may present an alternative type of artificial blood substitute. Prepared microcapsules were analysed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Respirometry, cytotoxicity was evaluated by addition of microcapsules to murine fibroblast-derived cell line L929 (American Type Culture Collection, NCTC clone 929 of strain L). The capsules come along with a mean diameter of approximately 0.

Are workers on board vessels involved with chemicals from treated ballast water sufficiently protected? - A decadal perspective and risk assessment.

Ballast Water Managements Systems (BWMS) installed on vessels may use Active Substances (AS) to inactivate organisms. This paper provides new insights in the global issue of noxious Disinfection By-Products (DBP) produced with primarily oxidant-based BWMS, and the risk assessment for workers, including port State control officers, while performing tasks on a vessel that involve exposure to treated ballast water. The Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection - Ballast Water Working Group (GESAMP-BWWG) plays a role in the certification process of BWMS that make use of AS evaluating potential negative effects.