Changes in dentofacial morphology after adeno-/tonsillectomy in young children with obstructive sleep apnoea--a 5-year follow-up study.

The aim of this study was to compare a number of dentofacial variables and airway space in children suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome with the corresponding variables in control children exhibiting a normal breathing pattern, to study the development of these variables prospectively over a 5-year-period following treatment for OSA, and to compare the recorded changes with the corresponding changes occurring in the controls. The subjects were 17 children (10 boys and 7 girls, mean age 5.6 years) diagnosed with OSA syndrome.

Effects of adenoidectomy and changed mode of breathing on incisor and molar dentoalveolar heights and anterior face heights.

Background: Mouth breathing may affect facial form and the positions of the teeth.

Objectives: To determine whether the increased dentoalveolar and facial heights found in mouth breathing children with enlarged adenoids are maintained following adenoidectomy and changed mode of breathing from mouth to nose.

Methods: The subjects were Swedish children, either mouth breathers with nasal obstruction caused by large adenoids, or nose breathers.

Objective and subjective need for orthodontic treatment in Stockholm County.

The objective and subjective need for orthodontic treatment according to a modified version of the treatment priority index of the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (index scores 0 to 4), was studied in 1281 children and teenagers, aged between 8 and 16 years and living in the Stockholm area. Furthermore, differences between different parts of the Stockholm County with respect to need for orthodontic treatment, and the subjective demand for treatment were also recorded. Five areas with varying population structures were studied.

Linkage analysis of candidate regions in Swedish nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate families.

Objective: To analyze linkage of five candidate regions for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate (CLP) on chromosome 2p13, 4q, 6p23, and 19q13; in addition chromosome 1q32, the locus for van der Woude syndrome, on Swedish CLP families.

Design: Three to five linked microsatellite markers were selected from each candidate region. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with fluorescent-labeled microsatellite markers was performed on DNA samples from the participating families.

Facial profile and dental changes before, during and after treatment with Hansaplate/Headgear.

In this prospective study the changes of facial profile and dentition in 19 boys and 19 girls treated for 1 year with Hansaplate/Headgear were analyzed yearly over a 4-year period. On average the boys were 10.2 and the girls 9.

Clinical and genetic studies of Van der Woude syndrome in Sweden.

Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is an autosomal dominant craniofacial disorder characterized by pits of the lower lip, hypodontia and cleft lip and/or cleft palate. It has been reported as the most common form of syndromic orofacial clefting with very high penetrance and varied expressivity. The disease locus for VWS has been mapped to chomosome 1q32, but the gene is yet to be cloned.

Orthodontic application of color image addition to visualize differences between sequential radiographs.

A new technique was developed making it possible to visualize changes that take place after premolar transplantation. Three sequential radiographs from a series of standardized control examinations were digitized and registered to the first radiograph in the series using subtraction technique. The digitized radiographs were then transformed into monochromatic images: red, blue, and green.

Craniofacial morphology in Chinese and Swedish children with Angle Class I and Class II occlusal relations.

The purpose of this study was to compare the craniofacial morphology of a group of Chinese children from northern China with a group of Swedish children. Each ethnic group comprised 20 boys and 20 girls with Class I occlusion, and 20 boys and 20 girls with Class II occlusion. The ages of the children ranged from eight to ten years.

Evaluation of facial features in two groups of cleft lip and palate patients receiving centralized and non-centralized treatment regimes.

The aims of the present study were: (a) to evaluate facial profile and other findings in a group of cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients receiving centralized services as compared with a group of patients who received non-centralized services and who were not submitted to bone grafting procedures; and (b) to evaluate and compare the outcome of early bone grafting procedures that were included in the centralized treatment regime to the outcome of a non-centralized treatment approach that did not include bone grafting procedures. Forty-three lateral cephalometric radiographs of CLP Greek Caucasian children not receiving centralized treatment and 43 lateral cephalometric radiographs of CLP Swedish Caucasian children receiving centralized treatment, strictly matched for age, sex, and type of cleft, were compared as a total and in two subgroups, according to age. Differences were also evaluated in the unilateral (UCLP) and in the bilateral (BCLP) groups separately, as well as in groups discriminated by age, i.

Treatment of adolescents with Hansaplate/headgear. Influence on face in profile and on dentition.

The treatment effects of Hansaplate/headgear in the course of 1 year were analyzed. Twenty-one girls and 19 boys, 10 and 11 years old, respectively, with postnormal occlusion and an average overjet of 8 mm, made up the treatment group. Forty untreated patients with the same type of malocclusion and dentofacial morphology as the treated children, and paired and matched for sex and age, made up the controls.

Normalization of incisor position after adenoidectomy.

Changes in incisor inclination and position in both jaws of children during the first 5 years after adenoidectomy were studied. The main change is a significant increased labial inclination of the incisors for the adenoidectomy groups. All variables that measure the labiolingual position of the mandibular incisors confirm a significant labial incisor positioning for both sexes.

Mandibular and maxillary growth after changed mode of breathing.

The amount of maxillary and mandibular growth and the direction of maxillary growth were studied in 38 children during the 5 years after adenoidectomy for correction of severe nasopharyngeal obstruction. The amount of mandibular growth measured between successive gnathion points on superimposed radiographs was significantly greater in the group who had an adenoidectomy than in the matched controls. In the boys the difference was 3.

Orthodontic and surgical treatment of unilateral condylar hyperplasia during growth--a case report.

A 9-year-old boy was diagnosed as having an unilateral cross-bite with mandibular deviation. This was later found to be due to unilateral hyperplasia of the right condyle. The increased growth activity subsequently led to an extreme facial asymmetry and a serious psychological condition began to develop.

Early interceptive treatment of asymmetry.

Severe asymmetry in pre-adolescent children usually arises either from congenital anomalies, such as unilateral condylar hypoplasia, or as a result of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, condylar hyperplasia or early fracture of the mandible. Early surgical and orthodontic interceptive treatment of the asymmetry is important for normal development of the face and jaws.

A morphometric study of bone surfaces and skin reactions after stimulation with static magnetic fields in rats.

The present investigation was undertaken to measure any bone surface changes after stimulation with orthodontic magnets and, furthermore, to examine the soft tissue in immediate contact with the magnets. Both distal parts of the tibial hind legs in six groups of young rats were fitted with devices holding two orthodontic magnets in the experimental legs and similar devices without magnets in the control legs. The animals were killed after 2, 3, and 4 weeks.

Relationship between mandibular incisor crowding and nasal mucosal swelling.

In this study, cephalometric and dental cast variables relating to 30 male and 20 female children, 8 to 13 years old with chronic nasal mucosal swelling, were compared with those relating to age- and sex-method controls. These controls were orthodontically untreated subjects with no histories of airway obstruction. The children with chronic nasal mucosal swelling had been referred because of chronic difficulties with nasal breathing to the Department of Otolaryngology Airflow Laboratory at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto.

Posture of the head, the hyoid bone, and the tongue in children with and without enlarged tonsils.

The purpose of this investigation was to analyse whether there were any differences between children with and without enlarged tonsils with regard to the posture of the head, the hyoid bone, and the tongue. Twenty-two children with enlarged tonsils were compared with a matched normal control group. Of the children in the tonsil group, 59 per cent were mouth-breathers during the day and 82 per cent during the night.

Titanium implant anchorage in orthodontic treatment an experimental investigation in monkeys.

Tooth loss can be a problem when orthodontic appliances have to be stabilized for treatment. It has been shown that endosseous titanium implants are well integrated during treatment of edentulous patients with intra-osseous anchored bridges. In the present investigation titanium implants were inserted immediately after tooth extraction.

Cranio-facial morphology in children with and without enlarged tonsils.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the cranio-facial morphology in children with and without enlarged tonsils. The material consisted of 73 children with enlarged tonsils, and a control group of children with normal tonsils, matched for age, sex, and number. The mean age for the groups was 10.

Dentition in children with enlarged tonsils compared to control children.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether or not there are any differences in the dentition between children with enlarged tonsils and those with normal tonsils. A sample of 73 children (33 boys and 40 girls) with enlarged tonsils and with a mean age of 10.1 years was compared with a normal control group, matched for age and sex.

Mandibular form and position related to changed mode of breathing--a five-year longitudinal study.

A five-year follow-up study was performed on 26 children treated for nasal obstruction by adenoidectomy, who exhibited a changed mode of breathing postoperatively. They were compared with a control group matched according to age and sex. Lateral skull radiographs were used to examine mandibular morphology.