Thoughts and beliefs of healthcare workers regarding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and which messaging themes might affect vaccine confidence and recommendation of the vaccine.

We surveyed healthcare workers within the Duke Antimicrobial Stewardship Outreach Network (DASON) to describe beliefs regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and their decision-making process behind vaccination recommendations. In contrast to the type of messaging that appealed most on a personal level to the healthcare workers, they preferred a more generic message emphasizing safety and efficacy when making vaccination recommendations.

Does Real Age Feedback Really Motivate Us to Change our Lifestyle? Results from an Online Experiment.

We set out to research the causal impact of Real Age feedback, a popular tool on health and lifestyle platforms, on health behaviors. We ran an online experiment where participants were randomly assigned a Real Age that differed in both direction (older or younger) and magnitude (much or slightly) from their passport age, or to a control condition where they received no Real Age feedback. We measured the impact of Real Age feedback on motivation to begin a healthier lifestyle, interest in taking a Real Age test, and percentage click-rate on an optional health link.

To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?

Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions.

Association of a Public Health Campaign About Coronavirus Disease 2019 Promoted by News Media and a Social Influencer With Self-reported Personal Hygiene and Physical Distancing in the Netherlands.

Importance: In the absence of a vaccine and therapeutic agent, personal hygiene and physical distancing are essential measures to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Objective: To determine whether a social media campaign, targeted at the gaps in behavior on personal hygiene and physical distancing and distributed nationwide via digital news media, may be an effective method to improve behavior and help to inhibit person-to-person transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This survey study was designed to uncover self-reported gaps in behavior regarding personal hygiene and physical distancing in the Netherlands.

Self-determination theory interventions for health behavior change: Meta-analysis and meta-analytic structural equation modeling of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to promote health behavior change based on self-determination theory (SDT). The review aimed to (a) quantify the impact of SDT interventions on health behaviors, (b) test mediation by theoretically specified variables (autonomous motivation and perceived competence), and (c) identify moderators of intervention effectiveness.

Method: Computerized searches and additional strategies identified 56 articles that yielded 65 independent tests of SDT interventions.

Estimated Worldwide Mortality Attributed to Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure, 1990-2016.

Importance: The World Health Organization estimates that the 1 billion individuals who smoke worldwide contribute to the 880 000 secondhand smoke (SHS)-related deaths among individuals who do not smoke each year. A better understanding of the scale of harm of SHS to those who do not smoke could increase awareness of the consequences of smoking and help to design measures to protect individuals who do not smoke, especially children.

Objective: To calculate the number of individuals who smoke associated with the death of 1 individual who died of SHS exposure both on a global scale and in various World Bank regions.

Development and validation of a prognostic multivariable model to predict insufficient clinical response to methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: The objective was to predict insufficient response to 3 months methotrexate (MTX) in DMARD naïve rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Methods: A Multivariable logistic regression model of rheumatoid arthritis patients starting MTX was developed in a derivation cohort with 285 patients starting MTX in a clinical multicentre, stratified single-blinded trial, performed in seven secondary care clinics and a tertiary care clinic. The model was validated in a validation cohort with 102 patients starting MTX at a tertiary care clinic.

Vitamin B12 deficiency after esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction for esophageal cancer.

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency after esophagectomy for cancer. It is unknown if patients after esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction are at an increased risk for vitamin B12 deficiency. A cross-sectional cohort (group A) and a prospective cohort (group B) of patients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer in two tertiary referral centers in the Netherlands were included.

Genetically defined elevated homocysteine levels do not result in widespread changes of DNA methylation in leukocytes.

Background: DNA methylation is affected by the activities of the key enzymes and intermediate metabolites of the one-carbon pathway, one of which involves homocysteine. We investigated the effect of the well-known genetic variant associated with mildly elevated homocysteine: MTHFR 677C>T independently and in combination with other homocysteine-associated variants, on genome-wide leukocyte DNA-methylation.

Methods: Methylation levels were assessed using Illumina 450k arrays on 9,894 individuals of European ancestry from 12 cohort studies.

Homocysteine levels associate with subtle changes in leukocyte DNA methylation: an epigenome-wide analysis.

Aim: Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sensitive marker of one-carbon metabolism. Higher Hcy levels have been associated with global DNA hypomethylation. We investigated the association between plasma Hcy and epigenome-wide DNA methylation in leukocytes.

Measurement of total Transcobalamin employing a commercially available assay for Active B12.

Introduction: Vitamin B12 deficiency is mostly caused by insufficient gastro-intestinal absorption and in rare conditions by Transcobalamin (TC) deficiency. Unsaturated Transcobalamin (apoTC) can be measured by a binding assay using radiolabeled cobalamin. The Active B12 test analyzes saturated Transcobalamin (holoTC) and we hypothesize that this test can be used to measure total TC by additional in vitro saturation with cobalamin.

Design of a frailty index among community living middle-aged and older people: The Rotterdam study.

Objectives: To design a frailty index (FI) and evaluate three methods to handle missing data. Furthermore, we evaluated its construct (i.e.

Effect of Medications for Gastric Acid-Related Symptoms on Total Motile Sperm Count and Concentration: A Case-Control Study in Men of Subfertile Couples from the Netherlands.

Introduction: Gastric acid-related symptoms are highly prevalent in the general population (21-40%), and more than 11% of individuals use medication for the treatment of these symptoms. The uptake of micronutrients is dependent on the gastrointestinal potential of hydrogen (pH).

Objective: We hypothesized that medication affecting gastrointestinal pH reduces the availability of B vitamins, thereby deranging one-carbon metabolism and detrimentally affecting spermatogenesis.

Serum Protein Markers for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer: A Focus on Autoantibodies.

Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among cancer patients in the world, in particular because most patients are only diagnosed at an advanced and noncurable stage. Computed tomography (CT) screening on high-risk individuals has shown that early detection could reduce the mortality rate. However, the still high false-positive rate of CT screening may harm healthy individuals because of unnecessary follow-up scans and invasive follow-up procedures.

Maternal and Neonatal Markers of the Homocysteine Pathway and Fetal Growth: The Generation R Study.

Background: Suboptimal dietary intake during pregnancy may have long-term health implications in children. These effects may be mediated by fetal growth. We investigated the associations of early pregnancy and umbilical cord total homocysteine (tHcy), folate, and total and active vitamin B12 concentrations with fetal growth parameters repeatedly measured in pregnancy and at birth.

Evaluation of Sysmex XN-1000 High-Sensitive Analysis (hsA) Research Mode for Counting and Differentiating Cells in Cerebrospinal Fluid.

Objectives: Counting cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using automated analyzers is generally problematic due to low precision at low cell numbers. To overcome this limitation, Sysmex (Kobe, Japan) developed the high-sensitive analysis (hsA) research mode specifically for counting cells in fluids that contain low cell counts. We evaluated this mode by counting RBCs, WBCs, and differentiated WBCs in CSF samples.

Survivin Autoantibodies Are Not Elevated in Lung Cancer When Assayed Controlling for Specificity and Smoking Status.

The high mortality rate in lung cancer is largely attributable to late diagnosis. Case-control studies suggest that autoantibodies to the survivin protein are potential biomarkers for early diagnosis. We tested the hypothesis that sandwich ELISA can detect autoantibodies to survivin before radiologic diagnosis in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Preconception folic acid use influences the follicle fluid proteome.

Background: The investigation of the human follicle fluid proteome has gained much interest in the search of new markers as predictors for in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment outcome. Follicular fluid folate, as substrate of one carbon (1-C) metabolism, affects follicular metabolism and oocyte and embryo quality. From this background, we aim to identify a folate-related follicle fluid proteome that associates with IVF/ICSI treatment outcome.

Clinical relevance and contemporary methods for counting blood cells in body fluids suspected of inflammatory disease.

In many inflammatory diseases, the cellular components in body fluids [cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serous fluids] are increased, rendering essential diagnostic information. The diagnostic value of the total white blood cell count (WBC) and differential count has been evaluated extensively over the years, and a remarkable amount of knowledge has been gained; yet, there is a great deal of clinical uncertainty whether the diagnosis should be based solely on these variables. In some diseases, such as peritonitis, the total WBC and differential count has high sensitivity; whereas, in differentiating pleural effusions, it lacks the sensitivity required to be clinically useful.

Early pregnancy maternal and fetal angiogenic factors and fetal and childhood growth: the Generation R Study.

Study Question: What are the effects of maternal and fetal soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) concentrations on fetal and childhood growth patterns?

Summary Answer: An angiogenic profile that is characterized by both low early pregnancy maternal sFlt-1 and PlGF concentrations and higher sFlt-1 concentrations, lower PlGF concentrations or a higher sFlt-1:PlGF ratio in umbilical cord blood is associated with a reduced fetal and childhood growth.

What Is Known Already: An imbalance in maternal and fetal sFlt-1 and PlGF concentrations has been suggested to affect pregnancy outcomes. However, their effects on longitudinal fetal and childhood growth remain largely unknown.

A structured approach to a diagnostic of collective practices.

"How social norms change" is not only a theoretical question but also an empirical one. Many organizations have implemented programs to abandon harmful social norms. These programs are standardly monitored and evaluated with a set of empirical tools.

UF-1000i: validation of the body fluid mode for counting cells in body fluids.

Background: We evaluated the new body fluid mode on the UF-1000i urinalysis analyzer for counting total white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC) in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), ascites and pleural fluids.

Methods: We collected 154 body fluid samples, and compared the results of the UF-1000i BF mode with the Fuchs-Rosenthal counting chamber and the XN-1000 BF mode. Linearity, carry over and precision were also assessed.

Effect of methotrexate use and erythrocyte methotrexate polyglutamate on glycosylated hemoglobin in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To investigate whether methotrexate (MTX) use, as compared to other therapies, and erythrocyte methotrexate polyglutamate (MTXGlu) concentrations are associated with changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c ) levels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods: The derivation cohort consisted of patients selected from the Treatment in the Rotterdam Early Arthritis Cohort who fulfilled the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for RA. Patients were randomized to 6 treatment arms: triple disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy (consisting of MTX, sulfasalazine, and hydroxychloroquine [HCQ]) + intramuscular (IM) glucocorticoids, triple DMARD therapy + oral glucocorticoids, MTX + oral glucocorticoid therapy, MTX therapy, oral glucocorticoid therapy, and HCQ therapy.

An optimal periconception maternal folate status for embryonic size: the Rotterdam Predict study.

Objective: To investigate the association between periconception maternal folate status and embryonic size.

Design: Prospective periconception cohort study.

Setting: Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.