Addressing quadruple aims through primary care and public health collaboration: ten Canadian case studies.

Background: Health systems in Canada and elsewhere are at a crossroads of reform in response to rising economic and societal pressures. The Quadruple Aim advocates for: improving patient experience, reducing cost, advancing population health and improving the provider experience. It is at the forefront of Canadian reform debates aimed to improve a complex and often-fragmented health care system.

Organizational factors influencing successful primary care and public health collaboration.

Background: Public health and primary care are distinct sectors within western health care systems. Within each sector, work is carried out in the context of organizations, for example, public health units and primary care clinics. Building on a scoping literature review, our study aimed to identify the influencing factors within these organizations that affect the ability of these health care sectors to collaborate with one another in the Canadian context.

Strengthening primary health care through primary care and public health collaboration: the influence of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors.

Unlabelled: AimThe aim of this paper is to examine Canadian key informants' perceptions of intrapersonal (within an individual) and interpersonal (among individuals) factors that influence successful primary care and public health collaboration.

Background: Primary health care systems can be strengthened by building stronger collaborations between primary care and public health. Although there is literature that explores interpersonal factors that can influence successful inter-organizational collaborations, a few of them have specifically explored primary care and public health collaboration.

What systemic factors contribute to collaboration between primary care and public health sectors? An interpretive descriptive study.

Background: Purposefully building stronger collaborations between primary care (PC) and public health (PH) is one approach to strengthening primary health care. The purpose of this paper is to report: 1) what systemic factors influence collaborations between PC and PH; and 2) how systemic factors interact and could influence collaboration.

Methods: This interpretive descriptive study used purposive and snowball sampling to recruit and conduct interviews with PC and PH key informants in British Columbia (n = 20), Ontario (n = 19), and Nova Scotia (n = 21), Canada.

Moving towards a new vision: implementation of a public health policy intervention.

Background: Public health systems in Canada have undergone significant policy renewal over the last decade in response to threats to the public's health, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome. There is limited research on how public health policies have been implemented or what has influenced their implementation. This paper explores policy implementation in two exemplar public health programs -chronic disease prevention and sexually-transmitted infection prevention - in Ontario, Canada.

Registered nurses' experiences of patient violence on acute care psychiatric inpatient units: an interpretive descriptive study.

Background: Nurses working in acute care psychiatry settings experience high rates of patient violence which influences outcomes for nurses and the organization. This qualitative study explored psychiatric nurses' experiences of patient violence in acute care inpatient psychiatric settings.

Methods: An interpretive descriptive design guided this study that included 17 semi-structured interviews with a purposeful sample of 12 Canadian registered nurses who self-reported experiencing patient violence within acute care inpatient psychiatry.

Are parents doing what they want to do? Congruency between parents' actual and desired participation in the care of their hospitalized child.

Family-centered care is integral to pediatric nursing practice, and includes supporting parents to participate in their hospitalized child's care. Research to date suggests that parents' actual participation in care may differ from their desired participation in care, and that such discrepancies may cause parental distress. Supporting parental participation in a way that facilitates congruency between actual and desired participation may contribute to a satisfying experience for families of hospitalized children.

Using an integrated knowledge translation approach to build a public health research agenda.

Background: Public Health Systems Research is an emerging field of research that is gaining importance in Canada.

Methods: On October 22 and 23, 2012, public health researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers came together at the Accelerating Public Health Systems Research in Ontario: Building an Agenda think tank to develop a research agenda for the province.

Results: This agenda included the identification of the six top priorities for research in Ontario: public health performance, evidence-based practice, public health organization and structure, public health human resources, public health infrastructure, and partnerships/linkages.

Challenging clinical learning environments: experiences of undergraduate nursing students.

Clinical learning is an essential component of becoming a nurse. However at times, students report experiencing challenging clinical learning environments (CCLE), raising questions regarding the nature of a challenging clinical learning environment, its impact on students' learning and how students might respond within a CCLE. Using an Interpretive Descriptive study design, researchers held focus groups with 54 students from two Canadian sites, who self-identified as having experienced a CCLE.

Viewpoints about collaboration between primary care and public health in Canada.

Background: Although there is a global movement toward health system integration and collaboration, little is known about values, beliefs, and attitudes towards collaboration between stakeholders in public health (i.e. promotion, protection, and prevention with vulnerable groups and/or at the population level) and primary care (i.

A scoping literature review of collaboration between primary care and public health.

Aim: The purpose of this scoping literature review was to determine what is known about: 1) structures and processes required to build successful collaborations between primary care (PC) and public health (PH); 2) outcomes of such collaborations; and 3) markers of their success.

Background: Collaboration between PC and PH is believed to enable more effective individual and population services than what might be achieved by either alone.

Methods: The study followed established methods for a scoping literature review and was guided by a framework that identifies systemic, organizational and interactional determinants for collaboration.

Methods, strategies and technologies used to conduct a scoping literature review of collaboration between primary care and public health.

Aim: This paper describes the methods, strategies and technologies used to conduct a scoping literature review examining primary care (PC) and public health (PH) collaboration. It presents challenges encountered as well as recommendations and 'lessons learned' from conducting the review with a large geographically distributed team comprised of researchers and decision-makers using an integrated knowledge translation approach.

Background: Scoping studies comprehensively map literature in a specific area guided by general research questions.

A randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of knowledge translation and exchange strategies.

Context: Significant resources and time are invested in the production of research knowledge. The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of three knowledge translation and exchange strategies in the incorporation of research evidence into public health policies and programs.

Methods: This trial was conducted with a national sample of public health departments in Canada from 2004 to 2006.

A description of a knowledge broker role implemented as part of a randomized controlled trial evaluating three knowledge translation strategies.

Background: A knowledge broker (KB) is a popular knowledge translation and exchange (KTE) strategy emerging in Canada to promote interaction between researchers and end users, as well as to develop capacity for evidence-informed decision making. A KB provides a link between research producers and end users by developing a mutual understanding of goals and cultures, collaborates with end users to identify issues and problems for which solutions are required, and facilitates the identification, access, assessment, interpretation, and translation of research evidence into local policy and practice. Knowledge-brokering can be carried out by individuals, groups and/or organizations, as well as entire countries.

Parenting children with diabetes: exploring parenting styles on children living with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which parenting styles is associated with diabetes control in children (aged 5-12 years) with type 1 diabetes, and on child and parent quality of life.

Methods: Data were collected from a total of 216 parent and child dyads, from 4 pediatric diabetes clinics in southern Ontario, using a cross-sectional survey methodology. Each parent and child independently completed the questionnaires.

Development of professional confidence by post diploma baccalaureate nursing students.

Professional confidence should be nurtured in a caring nursing curriculum, however there is a lack of clarity as to what confidence means, how it is perceived by students, and what educators can do to instill professional confidence in nursing students. A qualitative study using focus groups was conducted to explore the components of professional confidence as perceived by diploma-prepared registered nurses enrolled in a two-year student-centered, problem-based baccalaureate degree program. Students identified professional confidence as developing through a two-phase process.

Professional confidence in baccalaureate nursing students.

"You need to develop more confidence" is a common refrain noted by students and faculty alike. As nurse educators, we believe that encouraging students to develop their professional confidence is an important role. Moreover, the nursing profession demands that nursing care be delivered with confidence.

Talking with others who "just know": perceptions of adolescents with cancer who participate in a teen group.

Adolescents with cancer have social support needs that are challenging to meet. A qualitative descriptive study was done using in-person interviews with 11 participants between the ages of 14 and 20. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe adolescent's perceptions of a teen support group.

Development of an instrument to assess individual student performance in small group tutorials.

Recognizing the need for a valid and reliable method to assess individual tutorial performance in a problem-based learning curriculum, we developed a 31-item instrument from theoretical frameworks and items used elsewhere. A scale was developed for each of three broad learning domains: self-directed learning (SDL), critical thinking (CT), and group process (GP). The instrument demonstrated high internal consistency (SDL = .

Public health nurses' perceptions of mobile computing in a school program.

The use of mobile computing (MC) in healthcare practice has grown substantially in recent years, yet little is known about its impact. This descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study explored the perceptions of public health nurses (PHNs) in a school health program about their use of MC. Public health nurses participated in focus group interviews and completed weekly reflections.

Enabling youth participation in school-based computer-supported community development in Canada.

Schools are a main setting for health promotion for youth. A qualitative case study was undertaken in an inner-city, Canadian school. It explored factors that enabled and constrained youth in the process of a school-based computer-supported community development (CD) project.