Very low risk T1a renal cell carcinoma presenting with pathological fracture caused by a solitary metastases to the contralateral arm.

Background: Renal Cell Carcinomas are notorious for asynchronous metastases, atypical metastatic sites and late relapses even decades after nephrectomy. It is quite rare though for RCCs to present as metastatic, solitary and symptomatic bone lesions. Even more uncommon is a solitary bone metastasis much larger that the primary tumour caused by a low risk primary T1a RCC which would have otherwise been eligible for active surveillance.

Sexual function after proctectomy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A prospective study.

Background/aims: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) show a multifactorial impact on patients' quality of life, including sexual function (SF). The need for surgical intervention remains high, whereas proctectomy is frequently required in these patients. We tried to evaluate the impact of pelvic dissection during proctectomy in IBD patients' SF.

Breast microcalcifications: the UK RCR 5-point breast imaging system or BI-RADS; which is the better predictor of malignancy?

Objective: In the UK RCR 5-point breast imaging system (UKS), radiologists grade mammograms from 1 to 5 according to suspicion for malignancy, however unlike BI-RADS, no lexicon of descriptors is published. The aim of this study was to determine whether strict categorisation of microcalcifications (MCC) according to BI-RADS was a better predictor of malignancy than the UKS and whether these descriptors could be used within the UKS.

Methods: A retrospective review of 241 cases, with MCC on mammography, who underwent biopsy was performed.

Vascular chest wall lesion mimicking a breast tumor on screening mammograms: Report of a case.

Vascular lesions in the chest wall muscles are extremely rare and can cause diagnostic difficulties on screening mammograms. We describe a case of venous malformation of the pectoralis muscle, diagnosed during routine screening, in a 60-year-old woman. The mammograms showed a mass over the chest wall, projecting in the breast parenchyma.

Delayed Breast Cellulitis following Surgery for Breast Cancer: A Literature Review.

Background: Delayed breast cellulitis (DBC) is a relatively rare complication following breast-conserving surgery. It is often challenging to distinguish DBC from other clinical conditions such as postoperative infection, inflammatory reaction following radiation, and recurrent inflammatory carcinoma. The definition of DBC, diagnostic approach, and treatment are not well established in the literature.

Are radiologic pouchogram and pouchoscopy useful before ileostomy closure in asymptomatic patients operated for ulcerative colitis?

Objectives: Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the "gold standard" procedure for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) requiring surgical intervention. A de-functioning ileostomy is usually performed, as a step for the IPAA procedure. The aim of this study is to present the methodology and results of the routine double assessment of IPAA integrity in asymptomatic patients prior to the ileostomy reversal and evaluate its necessity.

Quality of life of ulcerative colitis patients treated surgically with proctocolectomy and J-pouch formation: a comparative study before surgery and after closure of the defunctioning ileostomy.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a lifelong disease with a relapse-remission pattern that affects patients' social and psychological wellbeing. Restorative proctocolectomy and J-pouch formation is the gold-standard surgical procedure in cases where symptoms are refractory to currently available medical treatment. The aim of this study was to assess patients' quality of life (QoL) in order to evaluate the efficiency of surgery and patients' symptomatology.

Microcalcification morphological descriptors and parenchyma fractal dimension hierarchically interact in breast cancer: A diagnostic perspective.

Introduction: Herein, we propose a Systems Biology approach aimed at identifying quantitative morphological parameters useful in discriminating benign from malignant breast microcalcifications at digital mammography.

Materials And Methods: The study includes 31 patients in which microcalcifications had been detected during XR mammography and were further confirmed by stereotactic (XR-guided) biopsies. Patients were classified according to the BIRADS (Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System), along with their parenchyma fractal dimension and biopsy size.

Incarcerated giant uterine leiomyoma within an incisional hernia: a case report.

Uterine leiomyomas presenting as incarcerated or strangulated hernias in surgical emergencies are extremely rare and should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with known uterine fibroids and an irreducible ventral abdominal wall hernia. Detailed history and multidisciplinary approach optimize the diagnosis and decision making toward surgical treatment.

Bone Imaging in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer; Where do we Stand.

Background And Objectives: We are witnessing an era of increased clinical interest in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, both in terms of treatment and also in terms of imaging options. This surge of interest is attributed to the recent developments in treatments for metastatic prostate cancer that are able to confer a significant survival advantage. We are therefore, anticipating an increase in the number of patients that we need to treat at this disease stage.

Non-visible asymptomatic haematuria: a review of the guidelines from the urologist's perspective.

Non-visible hematuria, also referred to as 'microscopic hematuria' or 'dipstick positive hematuria' is a common reason for urology referrals with prevalence rates that range from 13% to 20%. The main concern for investigating non-visible hematuria, especially in the absence of lower urinary tract symptoms, is its potential relation to urinary tract malignancy, which however does not exceed 5%. The pathway of investigation of non-visible hematuria is impeded by the lack of clarity over definitions, diagnosis and specialist referral criteria.

The diagnostic yield of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography in recurrent testicular seminoma.

The use of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan imaging is undoubtedly a significant evolution in oncological urology, although at present of limited use in every day urology practice. The aim of this study is to highlight the indication and diagnostic accuracy of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in the staging of a patient with metachronous bilateral testicular seminoma, elevated tumor markers, and equivocal conventional imaging findings.

Giant Scrotal Fibrolipoma.

Fibrolipoma, an infrequent histological subtype of lipoma, is considered a benign mesenchymal neoplasm. Fibrolipoma of the scrotum is an even more rare entity. We report a case of a 55-year-old male complaining for a slow-growing, painless mass in his left hemis-crotum.

Is computed tomography mandatory for the detection of residual stone fragments after percutaneous nephrolithotomy?

The introduction of minimally invasive endourologic procedures for upper urinary stone disintegration has closed the curtain on the era of open surgery for upper urinary tract stones in which complete stone eradication was the rule. This shift to minimally invasive procedures has led to the introduction of new terminology, such as stone-free rates and residual stone fragments, the presence of which after treatment was considered an acceptable therapeutic end point. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is currently considered the procedure of choice for large renal stones.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney (MEST) simulating an upper tract TCC.

We present a rare and interesting case of a mixed epithelial and stromal tumour (MEST) of the kidney. The case is unique as it involves a male patient with no history of hormonal therapy presenting with a filling defect in the renal collecting system and positive urine cytology. The patient was diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and subjected to nephroureterectomy, which revealed a solid tumour arising from the lower calyces and extending into the renal pelvis and upper ureter.

Atypical presentations and rare metastatic sites of renal cell carcinoma: a review of case reports.

Renal cell carcinoma is a potentially lethal cancer with aggressive behavior and a propensity for metastatic spread. Due to the fact that the patterns of metastases from renal cell carcinomas are not clearly defined, there have been several reports of cases of renal cell carcinoma associated with rare metastatic sites and atypical presenting symptoms. The present review focuses on these atypical rare clinical presentations of renal cell carcinomas both at the time of diagnosis of the primary tumor but also in the years after radical nephrectomy.