Effect of Metformin Exposure in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Infant Mesenchymal Stem Cell Metabolism.

Offspring exposed to metformin treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) experience altered growth patterns that increase the risk for developing cardiometabolic diseases later in life. The adaptive cellular mechanisms underlying these patterns remain unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if chronic metformin exposure associated with GDM treatment elicits infant cellular metabolic adaptations.

Maternal resistance exercise increases infant energy expenditure.

Maternal obesity decreases infant energy expenditure, subsequently predisposing infants to greater adiposity and weight gain. Conversely, some findings suggest that maternal exercise may increase infant energy expenditure; however, the impact of maternal exercise mode (i.e.

Barriers and Facilitators of Physical Activity in Pregnancy and Postpartum Among Iranian Women: A Scoping Review.

Inactivity during pregnancy and postpartum is largely a result of women's attitudes and misunderstandings of physical activity, especially in Iran. This scoping review critically assesses the barriers and facilitators influencing physical activity among pregnant and postpartum Iranian women to provide the basis for future physical activity interventions. Ten databases and platforms were searched up to 1 June 2024: Medline, SportDISCUS, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Review Database, Clinical Trial, SID, ISC, and Web of Science.

Exercise during pregnancy modulates infant cellular and whole-body adiposity.

Non-pharmaceutical interventions are needed to target the growing intergenerational cycle of obesity. We aimed to determine whether in utero exposure to different exercise doses during pregnancy directly reduces infant cellular and whole-body adiposity. Pregnant women completed ~24 weeks of supervised exercise training; for standardization of exercise analysis (frequency, intensity, time, and volume-FIT-V), metrics were assessed from 16 to 36 weeks.

Effects of maternal exercise modes on infant cord blood proteome.

The aim of this study was to show the effects of different maternal exercise modes on infant cord blood proteome. We used infant cord blood from two randomized controlled trials where women with a wide range of BMI and free of pregnancy complications participated in controlled and supervised aerobic, resistance, or combination (aerobic+resistance) exercise from <16 weeks of gestation until delivery. Results of this study showed that infant cord blood proteome is altered in a maternal exercise mode specific manner.

Paternal obesity decreases infant MSC mitochondrial functional capacity.

Besides the well-recognized influence of maternal health on fetal in utero development, recent epidemiological studies appoint paternal preconception metabolic health as a significant factor in shaping fetal metabolic programming and subsequently offspring metabolic health; however, mechanisms behind these adaptations remain confined to animal models. To elucidate the effects of paternal obesity (P-OB) on infant metabolism in humans, we examined mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which give rise to infant tissue, remain involved in mature tissue maintenance, and resemble the phenotype of the offspring donor. Here, we assessed mitochondrial functional capacity, content, and insulin action in MSC from infants of fathers with overweight [body mass index (BMI: 25-30 kg/m); paternal overweight (P-OW)] or obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m; P-OB) while controlling for maternal intrauterine environment.

Exercise during pregnancy Dose: Influence on preterm birth outcomes.

Background: Preterm delivery typically increases health risk for neonates and is associated with longer infant hospital stay and financial burden. Prenatal exercise dose (frequency, intensity, type, time, volume) have been shown to influence birth outcomes. Increased prenatal exercise dose could therefore provide a critical reduction in health risk and financial burden in preterm neonates.

Exercise FITT-V during pregnancy: Association with birth outcomes.

Background: Prenatal exercise improves birth outcomes, but research into exercise dose-response effects is limited.

Methods: This study is a retrospective, secondary analysis of pooled data from three blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trials. Prenatal exercise frequency, intensity, type, time, and volume (FITT-V) were assessed in supervised sessions throughout pregnancy.

Influence of Physical Activity during Pregnancy on Neonatal Complications: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Newborn hospitalisations after delivery are indicators of poor neonatal health with potential risks of future diseases for children. Interventions to promote a healthy environment have been used during pregnancy, with physical activity as a principal element. A systematic review and meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of physical activity during pregnancy on neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions and Apgar 1 and 5 scores (Registration No.

Early warning signals have limited applicability to empirical lake data.

Research aimed at identifying indicators of persistent abrupt shifts in ecological communities, a.k.a regime shifts, has led to the development of a suite of early warning signals (EWSs).

Real-Time Assessment of Mitochondrial Function in Cytotrophoblast and Syncytialized Trophoblast Cells Using the Seahorse XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer.

Physiological processes utilize variable amounts of energy required for optimal growth, development, and survival. This energy is supplied by total intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is mainly generated by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and to a lesser extent via glycolysis. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for obtaining measurements of energy metabolism using the Seahorse XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer.

A narrative review of exercise dose during pregnancy.

The current recommendations for prenatal exercise dose align with those from the American College of Sports Medicine; 150 min of moderate intensity every week of pregnancy. However, recent works suggest there may be a dose-dependent beneficial effect for mother and offspring; maternal and offspring health outcomes respond differently to low, medium, and high doses of prenatal exercise. It is, therefore, our aim to summarize the published evidence (years 1950-2023) for five metrics of prenatal exercise training commonly reported, that is, "FITT-V": Frequency (number of sessions), Intensity (metabolic equivalents "METs"), Time (duration of sessions), Type (exercise mode), Volume (exercise MET*mins).

Myogenically differentiated mesenchymal stem cell insulin sensitivity is associated with infant adiposity at 1 and 6 months of age.

Objective: In adults, skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity (S ) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) are linked with a predisposition to obesity. The current study aimed to determine the effects of maternal exercise on a model of infant skeletal muscle tissue (differentiated umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]) S and FAO and analyzed for associations with infant body composition.

Methods: Females <16 weeks' gestation were randomized to either 150 min/wk of moderate-intensity aerobic, resistance, or combination exercise or a nonexercising control.

Greater reliance on glycolysis is associated with lower mitochondrial substrate oxidation and insulin sensitivity in infant myogenic MSCs.

Individuals with insulin resistance and obesity display higher skeletal muscle production of nonoxidized glycolytic products (i.e., lactate), and lower complete mitochondrial substrate oxidation to CO2.

Influence of Supervised Maternal Aerobic Exercise during Pregnancy on 1-Month-Old Neonatal Cardiac Function and Outflow: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to assess the effects of supervised, recommended levels of prenatal aerobic exercise on 1-month-old infant cardiac function.

Methods: Eligible pregnant women were randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise group that participated in 150 min of supervised, moderate-intensity (40% to 59% V̇O 2peak , 12 to 14 on Borg rating of perceived exertion) aerobic exercise per week for 24 wk or more or a nonexercising group that consisted of 150 min·wk -1 of relaxation techniques. One-month-old infant echocardiogram was performed to assess infant cardiac function , including heart rate (HR), left-ventricular stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac index, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and velocity time integral at the aortic valve.

Effects of weight loss and weight loss maintenance on cardiac autonomic function in obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

Caloric restriction and exercise exert significant improvements in cardiac autonomic function as measured by HRV in overweight and obesity. Aerobic exercise training, within recommended guidelines coupled with weight loss maintenance, retains cardiac autonomic function benefits from weight loss in previously obese individuals.

Methods for analyzing infant heart rate variability: A preliminary study.

Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) reflect autonomic development in infants. To better understand the autonomic response in infants, reliable HRV recordings are vital, yet no protocol exists. The purpose of this paper is to present reliability of a common procedure for analysis from two different file types.

Differences in substrate metabolism between African American and Caucasian infants: evidence from mesenchymal stem cells.

Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent in African American (AA) than Caucasian (C) adults. Furthermore, differential substrate utilization has been observed between AA and C adults, but data regarding metabolic differences between races at birth remains scarce. The purpose of the present study was to determine if there are racial differences in substrate metabolism evident at birth using a mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) collected from offspring umbilical cords.

Self-Reported Intake and Circulating EPA and DHA Concentrations in US Pregnant Women.

In the United States, pregnant women have low concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are essential for fetal development. Although maternal blood provides accurate polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations, venipuncture is expensive and not always accessible. PUFA-containing foods consumption, both omega-3 ad omega-6 is supposed to reflect in the status (plasma, RBC, adipose tissue) of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).

A Multi-Ingredient Supplement Protects against Obesity and Infertility in Western Diet-Fed Mice.

The Western diet (WD) predisposes to bodyweight gain and obesity and is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, inflammation, and multisystem disease, even affecting the reproductive organs, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we investigated the effects of multi-ingredient supplementation (MIS) with antioxidants, phytonutrients, and vitamins ('Fertility Enhancer'; FE) on white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and infertility in WD-fed C57BL/6J mice. Five-month-old male (M) and female (F) mice were fed a low-fat diet (LF) or a high fat/sucrose WD (HF) for six weeks, followed by six weeks of LF (3.

Agricultural practices drive elevated rates of topsoil decline across Kenya, but terracing and reduced tillage can reverse this.

As agricultural land area increases to feed an expanding global population, soil erosion will likely accelerate, generating unsustainable losses of soil and nutrients. This is critical for Kenya where cropland expansion and nutrient loading from runoff and erosion is contributing to eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems and desertification. We used the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to predict soil erosion rates under present land cover and potential natural vegetation nationally across Kenya.

Effects of Maternal Exercise Modes on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Offspring Stem Cells.

Context: Maternal exercise positively influences pregnancy outcomes and metabolic health in progeny; however, data regarding the effects of different modes of prenatal exercise on offspring metabolic phenotype is lacking.

Objective: To elucidate the effects of different modes of maternal exercise on offspring umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) metabolism.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

The Acute Effect of Multi-Ingredient Antioxidant Supplementation following Ionizing Radiation.

Radiation exposure is an undeniable health threat encountered in various occupations and procedures. High energy waves in ionizing radiation cause DNA damage and induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which further exacerbate DNA, protein, and lipid damage, increasing risk of mutations. Although endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase have evolved to upregulate and neutralize ROS, exogenous dietary antioxidants also have the potential to combat ionizing radiation (IR)-induced ROS production.