BREATH TEST TO DETECT WOMEN AT LOW RISK FOR BREAST CANCER: POTENTIAL CLINICAL AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS.

Background: A breath test for volatile organic compounds has identified biomarkers associated with breast cancer. We evaluated the potential clinical and economic benefits of a breath test to detect women at low risk for breast cancer by comparing its negative predictive value (NPV) to the NPV of screening mammography.

Methods: Sensitivity and specificity values for screening mammography were obtained from the Food & Drug Administration Mammography Quality Standards Act; Amendments to Part 900 Regulations Docket No.

Rapid point-of-care breath test predicts breast cancer and abnormal mammograms in symptomatic women.

Previous studies have reported volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the breath as biomarkers of breast cancer. These biomarkers may be derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts, in which oxidative stress degrades polyunsaturated fatty acids to volatile alkanes and methylated alkane derivatives that are excreted in the breath. We evaluated a rapid point-of-care test for breath VOC biomarkers as predictors of breast cancer and abnormal mammograms.

Cohort profile: the Dynamics of Family Conflict (FamC) study in Norway.

Purpose: The Dynamics of Family Conflict (FamC) prospective cohort study was set up to investigate how and why interparental conflicts and family relations develop over time, and in which contexts which types of conflicts and relations are most negative for which children. FamC focuses on the family within a scope spanning macrolevel as well as microlevel processes.

Participants: Families were recruited from MoBa (pilot project) and family counselling offices across Norway when parents attended parental counselling, therapy or mandatory mediation in relation to parental relationship dissolution.

Interparental conflict trajectories across various child residence arrangements when parents live apart.

In Norway, as in most Western countries, a growing proportion of parents living apart choose shared residence for their children. The aim of this study was to investigate trajectories of five interparental conflict dimensions across four child residence arrangement groups (and three combination groups) to improve understanding of different conflict trajectories when parents live apart. We used data from the Dynamics of Family Conflict study.

Comparison of Mammography and Mammography with Supplemental Whole-Breast US Tomography for Cancer Detection in Patients with Dense Breasts.

Background: Women with dense breasts benefit from supplemental cancer screening with US, but US has low specificity.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of breast US tomography (UST) combined with full-field digital mammography (FFDM) compared with FFDM alone for breast cancer screening in women with dense breasts.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective multireader multicase study included women with dense breasts who underwent FFDM and UST at 10 centers between August 2017 and October 2019 as part of a prospective case collection registry.

Longitudinal Covid-19 effects on child mental health: vulnerability and age dependent trajectories.

Background: Few longitudinal studies have investigated the extended long-term impact of the Covid-19 pandemic for children's and adolescents' mental health, and a lack of uniform findings suggest heterogeneity in the impact of the pandemic.

Methods: This study investigated child and adolescent mental health symptoms across four occasions (pre-pandemic, initial lockdown, second lockdown, and society post reopening) using data from the Dynamics of Family Conflict study. Child and adolescent depressive vulnerability, age, and sex were explored as trajectory moderators.

Impacts of urban green infrastructure on attentional functioning: insights from an fMRI study.

Multiple studies using various measures, technologies, and participant groups have found that exposure to urban green infrastructure can help alleviate the daily attentional fatigue that human experience. Although we have made significant progress in understanding the effects of exposure to urban green infrastructure on attention restoration, two important gaps in our knowledge remain. First, we do not fully understand the neural processes underlying attention restoration that exposure to urban green infrastructure elicits.

Toward AI-supported US Triage of Women with Palpable Breast Lumps in a Low-Resource Setting.

Background Most low- and middle-income countries lack access to organized breast cancer screening, and women with lumps may wait months for diagnostic assessment. Purpose To demonstrate that artificial intelligence (AI) software applied to breast US images obtained with low-cost portable equipment and by minimally trained observers could accurately classify palpable breast masses for triage in a low-resource setting. Materials and Methods This prospective multicenter study evaluated participants with at least one palpable mass who were enrolled in a hospital in Jalisco, Mexico, from December 2017 through May 2021.

Is palpable DCIS more aggressive than screen-detected DCIS?

Background: Palpable ductal carcinoma in-situ (pDCIS) is a subset of DCIS presenting with a clinical mass. We hypothesized pDCIS would have more aggressive clinical and pathological features, and higher rates of recurrence and upgrade to invasive disease compared to screen-detected DCIS.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of female patients (age 28-76) with DCIS on core-needle biopsy.

Green spaces, especially nearby forest, may reduce the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate: A nationwide study in the United States.

The coronavirus pandemic is an ongoing global crisis that has profoundly harmed public health. Although studies found exposure to green spaces can provide multiple health benefits, the relationship between exposure to green spaces and the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate is unclear. This is a critical knowledge gap for research and practice.

Preliminary validation of the Norwegian version of misophonia questionnaire (MQ-NOR).

Objective: To perform a psychometric validation of a Norwegian version of the Misophonia Questionnaire (MQ-NOR) and to test the link between the personality trait neuroticism and misophonia assessed with the MQ-NOR.

Design: Participants completed online versions of the MQ-NOR on two occasions about two weeks apart and the neuroticism scale from BFI-20.

Study Sample: Two-hundred and twenty-seven (T1) and 173 (T2) participants with self-reported misophonia.

Breast Density Legislation Impact on Breast Cancer Screening and Risk Assessment.

Objective: To evaluate breast density notification legislation (BDNL) on breast imaging practice patterns, risk assessment, and supplemental screening.

Methods: A 20-question anonymous web-based survey was administered to practicing Society of Breast Imaging radiologists in the U.S.

Characterizing breast masses using an integrative framework of machine learning and CEUS-based radiomics.

Aims: We evaluated the performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) based on radiomics analysis to distinguish benign from malignant breast masses.

Methods: 131 women with suspicious breast masses (BI-RADS 4a, 4b, or 4c) who underwent CEUS examinations (using intravenous injection of perflutren lipid microsphere or sulfur hexafluoride lipid-type A microspheres) prior to ultrasound-guided biopsies were retrospectively identified. Post biopsy pathology showed 115 benign and 16 malignant masses.

Multicenter Study of Whole Breast Stiffness Imaging by Ultrasound Tomography (SoftVue) for Characterization of Breast Tissues and Masses.

We evaluated whole breast stiffness imaging by SoftVue ultrasound tomography (UST), extracted from the bulk modulus, to volumetrically map differences in breast tissues and masses. A total 206 women with either palpable or mammographically/sonographically visible masses underwent UST scanning prior to biopsy as part of a prospective, HIPAA-compliant multicenter cohort study. The volumetric data sets comprised 298 masses (78 cancers, 105 fibroadenomas, 91 cysts and 24 other benign) in 239 breasts.

Effects of Covid-19 lockdown on parental functioning in vulnerable families.

Objective: The aim of this study was to increase the knowledge about how the initial Covid-19 lockdown influenced parental functioning in vulnerable families.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused major changes to family life. Using a natural experiment design can potentially adjudicate on former inconclusive findings about the effects of lockdown on parental functioning in vulnerable families.

Addressing ethnic disparities in imaging utilization and clinical outcomes for COVID-19.

Purpose: Racial and ethnic disparities have exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic as the healthcare system is overwhelmed. While Hispanics are disproportionately affected by COVID-19, little is known about ethnic disparities in the hospital settings. This study investigates imaging utilization and clinical outcomes between Hispanic and non-Hispanic COVID-19 patients in the Emergency Department (ED) and during hospitalization.

Agreement between child and parent reports of children's reactions to interparental conflict.

Children's perception of interparental conflict is still a relatively unexplored research area. The aim of this study was twofold. First, we wanted to gain more knowledge about the relationship between child and parent reports of children's reactions to interparental conflict across three dimensions: Emotional Reactions, Involvement Reactions, and Avoidance Reactions.

The impact of school closure and social isolation on children in vulnerable families during COVID-19: a focus on children's reactions.

For children the consequences of the COVID-19 public health measures may have long-term effects into adulthood. By exploring children's reactions more broadly, we are better placed to understanding the breadth of implications of home school and social isolation under COVID-19. The present study explored how COVID-19 related variables, namely, home school experience, child perceived family stress and instability, screen time use, missing friends and worry about virus infection are associated with children's emotional, somatic/cognitive and worry reactions, respectively.

Connections-between Daily Greenness Exposure and Health Outcomes.

A compelling body of research demonstrates that exposure to nature, especially trees, is beneficial to human health. We know little, however, about the extent to which understory vegetation that does not reach the height of trees, impacts human health. An additional gap in our knowledge concerns the extent to which daily variations in exposure to various forms of vegetation are related to human health outcomes.

A preliminary validation of a Norwegian version of the Tinnitus Sample Case History Questionnaire.

At present there is no validated tinnitus questionnaire available in Norway. The aim of the present study was to psychometrically evaluate and report on a Norwegian translation of the Tinnitus Sample Case History Questionnaire (TSCHQ). Furthermore, the results were compared to those of a recent Swedish validation of TSCHQ.

From Broken Windows to Perceived Routine Activities: Examining Impacts of Environmental Interventions on Perceived Safety of Urban Alleys.

In high-density cities around the world, alleys are common but neglected spaces that are perceived as unsafe. While cities have invested resources in environmental interventions to improve safety in urban allies, it is not clear how these interventions impact perceived safety. We review two important criminology theories that discuss the environmental and social factors that lead to crime: the Broken Windows Theory and the Routine Activity Theory.

Clinical findings and outcomes of MRI staging of breast cancer in a diverse population.

Background: The performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the effect of patient factors, and resulting surgical management in underserved and ethnically diverse breast cancer (BC) patient populations have been understudied.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1116 consecutive patients who were newly diagnosed with in situ or invasive BC with preoperative staging MRI. Non-index lesions (NILs) were defined as abnormal MRI findings with BI-RADS score of 4 or 5 in breast or axillary nodes not previously detected by conventional imaging.

Exposure to nature for children with autism spectrum disorder: Benefits, caveats, and barriers.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the fastest growing developmental disorder in countries across the world. Although recent studies have demonstrated the health benefits of nature for typically developing children and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, it is unclear whether these benefits extend to children with ASD. In this study, we investigated whether benefits associated with exposure to nature could be observed by parents of children diagnosed with ASD.

Measuring Neighborhood Walkable Environments: A Comparison of Three Approaches.

Multiple studies have revealed the impact of walkable environments on physical activity. Scholars attach considerable importance to leisure and health-related walking. Recent studies have used Google Street View as an instrument to assess city streets and walkable environments; however, no study has compared the validity of Google Street View assessments of walkable environment attributes to assessments made by local residents and compiled from field visits.

Meditation and auditory attention: An ERP study of meditators and non-meditators.

The findings of a study by Cahn and Polich (2009) suggests that there is an effect of a meditative state on three event-related potential (ERP) brain markers of "low-level" auditory attention (i.e., acoustic representations in sensory memory) in expert meditators: the N1, the P2, and the P3a.