Implementation of a clinical pathway to screen and treat medical inpatients for opioid withdrawal.

Background: Opioid-related inpatient hospital stays are increasing at alarming rates. Unidentified and poorly treated opioid withdrawal may be associated with inpatients leaving against medical advice and increased health care utilization. To address these concerns, we developed and implemented a clinical pathway to screen and treat medical service inpatients for opioid withdrawal.

Staging canine patients with appendicular osteosarcoma utilizing fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography compared to whole body computed tomography.

Few studies have investigated the diagnostic performance of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ( F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for staging veterinary patients with appendicular osteosarcoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of F-FDG-PET/CT compared to whole-body CT (WBCT) for staging canine patients with appendicular osteosarcoma. The F-FDG-PET/CT imaging studies of 66 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma were anonymized and separated into two detached studies (one with whole body pre- and post-contrast CT images and the other with the whole body pre- and post-contrast CT images with the associated F-FDG-PET overlay).

Optimising service users and carers involvement in nursing and social work pre-registration degrees.

The awareness of the contribution of service users and carers' involvement in nursing and social work pre-registration degree education continues to grow. This study explored ways of optimising its beneficial outcomes to students, service users/carers and academic staff. A phenomenology qualitative approach was employed.

Diagnostic Ultrasound Detection of Changes in Femoral Muscle Mass Recovery after Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy in Dogs.

Objective:  The goal of this study was to develop a clinically feasible ultrasound (US) protocol that can detect changes in thigh muscle mass in dogs after stifle surgery. The primary aim of this study was to compare previously described US measurement locations of the canine thigh for detecting changes in muscle mass in dogs recovering from tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO).

Study Design:  This was a prospective, exploratory pilot study.

Prevalence and determinants of undetected dementia in the community: a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis.

Objectives: Detection of dementia is essential for improving the lives of patients but the extent of underdetection worldwide and its causes are not known. This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of undetected dementia and to examine its correlates.

Methods/setting/participants: A systematic search was conducted until October 2016 for studies reporting the proportion of undetected dementia and/or its determinants in either the community or in residential care settings worldwide.

Demographic and socio-economic influences on community-based care and caregivers of people with dementia in China.

Background: Dementia is a major public health challenge and China has the largest population with dementia in the world. However, dementia care and caregivers for Chinese are less investigated.

Objectives And Design: To evaluate demographic and socio-economic influences on dementia care, management patterns and caregiver burden in a household community-dwelling-based survey, using participants' care receipts and Zarit scale.

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF TOOTH RESORPTION IN CATS.

Tooth resorption is the most common dental disease in cats and can be a source of oral pain. The current clinical gold standard for diagnosis includes a combination of oral exam and dental radiography, however early lesions are not always detected. Computed tomography (CT) of the skull, including the dental arches, is a commonly performed diagnostic procedure, however the appearance of tooth resorption on CT and the diagnostic ability of CT to detect tooth resorption have not been evaluated.

Exposure to air pollution and cognitive functioning across the life course--A systematic literature review.

Objectives: Air pollution is associated with increased risk of respiratory, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, but its association with cognitive functioning and impairment is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to examine whether a relationship exists between these variables across the life course.

Methods: We searched Web of Knowledge, Pubmed, SciVerse Scopus, CINAHL, PsychInfo and Science Direct up to October 2015 to identify studies that investigated the association between air pollution and performance on neurocognitive tests.

Is exposure to secondhand smoke associated with cognitive parameters of children and adolescents?--a systematic literature review.

Purpose: Despite the known association of second hand smoke (SHS) with increased risk of ill health and mortality, the effects of SHS exposure on cognitive functioning in children and adolescents are unclear. Through a critical review of the literature we sought to determine whether a relationship exists between these variables.

Methods: The authors systematically reviewed articles (dated 1989-2012) that investigated the association between SHS exposure (including in utero due to SHS exposure by pregnant women) and performance on neurocognitive and academic tests.

Surfactant protein-A modulates LPS-induced TLR4 localization and signaling via β-arrestin 2.

The soluble C-type lectin surfactant protein (SP)-A mediates lung immune responses partially via its direct effects on alveolar macrophages (AM), the main resident leukocytes exposed to antigens. SP-A modulates the AM threshold of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype both in vitro and in vivo through various mechanisms. LPS responses are tightly regulated via distinct pathways including subcellular TLR4 localization and thus ligand sensing.

Effects of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on cognitive parameters of children and young adults: a literature review.

The long term effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the cognitive development of the child are not well understood due to conflicting findings in past research. The aim of this paper was to provide an up to date, critical review of the literature to determine whether there is evidence of a relationship between tobacco smoke exposure in utero and cognitive functioning. We systematically reviewed observational studies (dated 2000-2011) that examined associations between tobacco smoke exposure in utero due to maternal smoking and performance on cognitive, intelligence, neurodevelopmental and academic tests.

A survey of engagement and competence levels in interventions and activities in a community mental health workforce in England.

Background: National Health Service (NHS) mental health workforce configuration is at the heart of successful delivery, and providers are advised to produce professional development strategies. Recent policy changes in England have sharpened the focus on competency based role development. We determined levels of intervention activities, engagement and competence and their influencing factors in a community-setting mental health workforce.

Imaging diagnosis--gastric pneumatosis in a cat.

Gastrointestinal foreign bodies were removed surgically from a 9-year-old Siamese cat. Two days later the cat became lethargic and started regurgitating. A degenerative leukocytosis and drop in packed cell volume were present.