Reversing the trend: a scoping review of health innovation transfer or exchange from low- and middle-income countries to high-income countries.

The transfer of innovations from low and middle-income countries (LMICs) to high-income countries (HICs) has received little attention, leaving gaps in the understanding of the process, its benefits and the factors influencing it. This scoping review, part of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) project and the focus for a 2022 NIH-sponsored workshop on Global Health Reciprocal Innovation, sought to identify publications describing health innovations that were researched, developed and implemented in LMICs and adapted to address similar health challenges in HICs. A protocol was written and registered on Open Science Framework.

Contractility measurements for cardiotoxicity screening with ventricular myocardial slices of pigs.

Aims: Cardiotoxicity is one major reason why drugs do not enter or are withdrawn from the market. Thus, approaches are required to predict cardiotoxicity with high specificity and sensitivity. Ideally, such methods should be performed within intact cardiac tissue with high relevance for humans and detect acute and chronic side effects on electrophysiological behaviour, contractility, and tissue structure in an unbiased manner.

Ryanodine Receptor Staining Identifies Viable Cardiomyocytes in Human and Rabbit Cardiac Tissue Slices.

In terms of preserving multicellularity and myocardial function in vitro, the cultivation of beating myocardial slices is an emerging technique in basic and translational cardiac research. It can be used, for example, for drug screening or to study pathomechanisms. Here, we describe staining for viable cardiomyocytes based on the immunofluorescence of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in human and rabbit myocardial slices.

Increasing Effectiveness and Equity in Strengthening Health Research Capacity Using Data and Metrics: Recent Advances of the ESSENCE Mechanism.

Background: The ESSENCE on Health Research initiative established a Working Group on Review of Investments in 2018 to improve coordination and collaboration among funders of health research capacity strengthening. The Working Group comprises more than a dozen ESSENCE members, including diverse representation by geography, country income level, the public sector, and philanthropy.

Objective: The overall goal of the Working Group is increased research on national health priorities as well as improved pandemic preparedness, and, ultimately, fewer countries with very limited research capacity.

Funders' Perspectives on Supporting Implementation Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

We identify and discuss 7 approaches for funders to contemplate when considering support for implementation research in low- and middle-income countries.

A Mechanism for Reviewing Investments in Health Research Capacity Strengthening in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

More than 40 agencies that fund health research capacity strengthening in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) participate in the ESSENCE Health Research initiative, which has established a mechanism for reviewing and coordinating their funding. Taken together, the expected outcomes of implementation of the review mechanism are increases in the efficiency and equity in health research capacity strengthening activities with decreased duplication of efforts. The overall goal is increased support of research on national health priorities as well as improved pandemic preparedness in LMICs, and, eventually, fewer countries with very limited research capacity.

Recommendations for the use of mathematical modelling to support decision-making on integration of non-communicable diseases into HIV care.

Introduction: Integrating services for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) into existing primary care platforms such as HIV programmes has been recommended as a way of strengthening health systems, reducing redundancies and leveraging existing systems to rapidly scale-up underdeveloped programmes. Mathematical modelling provides a powerful tool to address questions around priorities, optimization and implementation of such programmes. In this study, we examine the case for NCD-HIV integration, use Kenya as a case-study to highlight how modelling has supported wider policy formulation and decision-making in healthcare and to collate stakeholders' recommendations on use of models for NCD-HIV integration decision-making.

Erratum to "Readiness of Sub-Saharan Africa Healthcare Systems for the New Pandemic, Diabetes: A Systematic Review".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2018/9262395.].

Building on the HIV chronic care platform to address noncommunicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: a research agenda.

Objective: The remarkable progress made in confronting the global HIV epidemic offers a unique opportunity to address the increasing threat of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). However, questions remain about how to enhance the HIV platforms to deliver integrated HIV and NCD care to people living with HIV (PLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We aimed to develop a priority research agenda to advance this effort.

Implementation science for integration of HIV and non-communicable disease services in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.

Objective: As the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) rises across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), global donors and governments are exploring strategies to integrate HIV and NCD care. Implementation science is an emerging research paradigm that can help such programs achieve health impact at scale. We define implementation science as a systematic, scientific approach to ask and answer questions about how to deliver what works in populations who need it with greater speed, appropriate fidelity, efficiency, and relevant coverage.

Global partnerships to support noncommunicable disease care in low and middle-income countries: lessons from HIV/AIDS.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify lessons learned from partnerships addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic that can inform those needed to mitigate the noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) epidemic in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Design: We selected and analysed a convenience sample of organizational partnerships developed to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic in LMICs, focusing on their specific strategies and contributions.

Methods: A review of published literature and website information pertaining to a convenience sample of five global organizations and/or types of partnerships that provide support to fight the HIV/AIDS epidemic was qualitatively analysed to assess key areas of support provided to scale-up services in response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

Readiness of Sub-Saharan Africa Healthcare Systems for the New Pandemic, Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Background: Effective health systems are needed to care for the coming surge of diabetics in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Objective: We conducted a systematic review of literature to determine the capacity of SSA health systems to manage diabetes.

Methodology: We used three different databases (Embase, Scopus, and PubMed) to search for studies, published from 2004 to 2017, on diabetes care in SSA.

Global health: the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health: vision and mission, programs, and accomplishments.

The Fogarty International Center (FIC) of the US National Institutes of Health has supported long-term training and research for more than 3600 future leaders in science and public health from low-income and middle-income countries; tens of thousands more persons have received short-term training. More than 23 extramural training and research programs plus an intramural program are now operating. Newer FIC training programs are addressing chronic, noncommunicable diseases and strengthening the quality of medical schools and health care provider training.

Roundtable. Strategies to discourage brain drain.

Building health research expertise in developing countries often requires personnel to receive training beyond national borders. For research funding agencies that sponsor this type of training, a major goal is to ensure that trainees return to their country of origin: attaining this objective requires the use of proactive strategies. The strategies described were developed under the extramural acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) International Training and Research Program (AITRP) funded by the Fogarty International Center (FIC) at the National Institutes of Health, United States.