High-Risk HPV Screening Initiative in Kosovo-A Way to Optimize HPV Vaccination for Cervical Cancer.

Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. There are 14 recognized hrHPV genotypes (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68), and hrHPV genotypes 16 and 18 comprise approximately 66% of all cases worldwide. An additional 15% of cervical cancers are caused by hrHPV genotypes 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58.

Community-Led Action Research in Oncology: Pandemic-Appropriate Radiotherapy Innovations Evaluated (CLARO PARTE) for Latin America and the Caribbean Countries.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify, evaluate, and rank suitable safety innovations developed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) radiation oncology centers.

Methods: We conducted a multimodal participatory engagement collaboration with the Latin-American and Caribbean Society of Medical Oncology. The study consisted of four phases.

Providing Diagnostic Pathology Services in Low and Middle-Income Countries.

Diagnostic pathology services in low and middle-income countries are often hindered by lack of expertise, equipment, and reagents. However, there are also educational, cultural, and political decisions, which must be addressed in order to provide these services successfully. In this review, we describe some of the infrastructure barriers that must be overcome and provide 3 examples of implementing molecular testing in Rwanda and Honduras despite initial lack of resources.

Approaches for Measuring Inclusive Demographics Across Youth Enjoy Science Cancer Research Training Programs.

The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Youth Enjoy Science Program (YES) funds initiatives to support the cancer research training and career ambitions of middle school through undergraduate students from populations underrepresented in the biomedical sciences. The program has funded 16 institutions nationally as of January 2022. Given the program's focus on increasing diversity within the cancer research workforce, demographic characteristics of YES trainees provide essential information about the populations being served and program effectiveness.

Reducing dermal exposure to agrochemical carcinogens using a fluorescent dye-based intervention among subsistence farmers in rural Honduras.

Background: Occupational exposure to agrochemicals, some of which are known or suspected carcinogens, is a major health hazard for subsistence agricultural workers and their families. These impacts are more prevalent in low-and-middle income countries (LMIC) due to weak regulations, lack of awareness of the risks of contamination, predominant use of handheld backpack style spraying equipment, general lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), and low literacy about proper agrochemical application techniques. Reducing exposure to agrochemicals was identified as a paramount concern by rural Hondurans working with a community-engaged research initiative.

HPV, vaccines, and cervical cancer in a low- and middle-income country.

Real-world conditions test effectiveness, the next step after establishing efficacy in controlled settings. From the annual flu shot to HPV vaccination, effectiveness measures what happens when best efforts for vaccine development meet the realities of challenging viruses and changing subtypes in regions around the world. After testing 2,645 women from multiple locations in Honduras for types of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) and finding the prevalence of virus types to be quite different from those in the US, we asked what vaccine would be the most efficacious for the local situation, and which hrHPV types are most commonly found in cervical cancer tissues from Honduran women.

Feasibility of Brigade-Style, Multiphasic Cancer Screening in Rural Honduras.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of brigade-style, multiphasic cancer screening in Honduras, exploring data from 3 screening events that each tested for multiple cancers on single occasions.

Methods: This series of 3 studies each used a single-arm, post-test-only design to explore the feasibility of implementing multiphasic, community-based cancer screening at the same rural location in 2013, 2016, and 2017. The 2013 event for women screened for 2 cancers (breast and cervix), and the 2016 event for women screened for 3 cancers (breast, cervix, and thyroid).

Screening for Human Papillomavirus in a Low- and Middle-Income Country.

Purpose: Low- and middle-income countries have high incidences of cervical cancer linked to human papillomavirus (HPV), and without resources for cancer screenings these countries bear 85% of all cervical cancer cases. To address some of these needs, brigade-style screening combined with sensitive polymerase chain reaction-based HPV testing to detect common high-risk HPV genotypes may be necessary.

Methods: We deployed an inexpensive DNA extraction technique and a real-time polymerase chain reaction-based HPV genotyping assay, as well as Papanicolaou testing, in a factory in San Pedro Sula, Honduras, where 1,732 women were screened for cervical cancer.

Feasibility of a Symptom Management Intervention for Honduran Adults Undergoing Chemotherapy.

Evidence-based interventions often need to be adapted to maximize their implementation potential in low-to middle-income countries. A single-arm feasibility study was conducted to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a telephone-delivered, nurse-led, symptom management intervention for adults undergoing chemotherapy in Honduras. Over the course of 6 months, nurses engaged 25 patients undergoing chemotherapy in the intervention.

Implementation of Multicolor Melt Curve Analysis for High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus Detection in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Pilot Study for Expanded Cervical Cancer Screening in Honduras.

Purpose: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and screening in LMICs is extremely limited. We aimed to implement on-site high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) DNA testing in cohorts of women from an urban factory and from a rural village.

Methods: A total of 802 women were recruited for this study in partnership with La Liga Contra el Cancer through the establishment of women's health resource fairs at two locations in Honduras: a textile factory (n = 401) in the city of San Pedro Sula and the rural village of El Rosario (n = 401) in Yoro.

Rural distribution of human papilloma virus in low- and middle-income countries.

Cervical cancer rates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are higher than in developed countries and account for 80% of an estimated 500,000 new cases annually. Factors that contribute to this are that diagnostic and prevention strategies designed for developed countries suffer from the combination of low vaccination rates and limitations due to lack of consistent access to both healthcare and supplies. Here we: 1) improve upon our LMIC deployable HPV test and 2) determine both the high and low-risk HPV genotype prevalence in an isolated Honduran population.

Opportunistic Breast Cancer Education and Screening in Rural Honduras.

Purpose: In Honduras, the breast cancer burden is high, and access to women's health services is low. This project tested the connection of community-based breast cancer detection with clinical diagnosis and treatment in a tightly linked and quickly facilitated format.

Methods: The Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth College partnered with the Honduran cancer hospital La Liga Contra el Cancer to expand a cervical cancer screening program, which included self-breast exam (SBE) education and clinical breast exams (CBEs), to assess patient attitudes about and uptake of breast cancer education and screening services.

Impact and outcomes of a rural Personal Helpers and Mentors service.

Objective: To describe impacts and outcomes associated with the Personal Helpers and Mentor's (PHaMs) service in a rural Australian town.

Design: A descriptive analysis of longitudinal data, uncontrolled pre-test and post-test caseworker ratings, and retrospective pre-test/post-test self-ratings and feedback comments were collected from convenience samples.

Setting: A community-based mental health recovery service.

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire in an Australian compensable population.

Purpose: This study examined the factor structure of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ; Sullivan et al. in J Occup Rehabil 18:249-261, 2008) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Two models were proposed for analysis: a single factor and a two-factor model.

Experience-induced changes in sugar taste discrimination.

An apparent plasticity in glucose sensitivity was first noted while studying human taste variants, but the experimental design did not rule out regression to the mean. Since then, a human taste induction hypothesis that sensitivity for a taste stimulus increases with repeated exposure to it has been supported first by experience-induced changes in taste identification of monosodium glutamate and, subsequently, in sensory detection of glutaraldehyde, as well as in psychophysical and functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to novel taste stimuli. Yet, whether such plasticity occurs for the highly familiar taste of sugar remained unconfirmed.

Experience-induced changes in taste identification of monosodium glutamate (MSG) are reversible.

A few studies have reported experience-inducible changes in human taste and olfactory sensitivities. However, no study thus far has systematically characterized the stability of the enhanced sensitivities. In our previous study, we found increases in taste identification ability for monosodium glutamate (MSG) in subjects who had been briefly exposed to MSG in food for 10 days.

Experience-induced changes in taste identification of monosodium glutamate.

Taste sensitivity for a given subject generally has been thought to be genetically determined and not plastic. Yet experience-inducible changes in human taste and olfactory sensitivities have been reported. To test a taste induction hypothesis, we exposed 17 Americans/Europeans to monosodium glutamate (MSG) in food and then compared their ability to identify MSG taste with that of 2 control groups (18 Americans/Europeans without MSG exposure and 18 Japanese).