Pediatric Asthma Control and Communication Instrument: translation into Portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation for use in Brazil.

Objective: To translate the Pediatric Asthma Control and Communication Instrument (PACCI) to Portuguese and adapt it for use in Brazil, ensuring the cultural validity of the content and semantic equivalence of the target version.

Methods: The Brazilian Portuguese-language version of the PACCI was developed according to the most commonly used methodology, which included the following steps: translation; synthesis of the translation; review by the author of the original questionnaire; back-translation; synthesis of the back-translation; review by a native external researcher who is a native speaker of English; approval of the author of the original questionnaire; review by a specialist in Portuguese; review by a multidisciplinary committee of experts to determine the agreement of the items, considering the clarity of each and its appropriateness in the cultural context; cognitive debriefing; and development of the final version. The cognitive debriefing involved 31 parents/legal guardians of children 1-21 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of asthma, as defined by the Global Initiative for Asthma, with the objective of determining the comprehensibility and clarity of the items for the target population.

Examining Childhood Obesity From Infancy: The Relationship Between Tummy Time, Infant BMI-z, Weight Gain, and Motor Development-An Exploratory Study.

Introduction: This exploratory study investigated the infant time spent in tummy time (TT) in relation to body mass index z score (BMI-z), weight gain, and motor development in infants from birth to 4 months.

Method: Mothers and their infants were telephone surveyed at 2 and 4 months. Mother demographics; TT; feeding practices; and infant length, and height, and development were collected each time.

Parental information and behaviors and provider practices related to tummy time and back to sleep.

Introduction: This exploratory study aimed to discern parental understanding and behaviors, provider practices, and available online information related to infant positioning including "Back to Sleep" and "Tummy Time" (TT) during early infancy.

Method: The study employed three methods of exploration: surveys of 119 mothers of newborns, a focus group of nine health care providers, and an analysis of popular parental Web sites.

Results: Ninety percent of the mothers reported receiving information about positioning the infant while asleep.

The effect of hippotherapy on functional outcomes for children with disabilities: a pilot study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of hippotherapy on functional outcomes using the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) for children with physical disabilities.

Methods: Participants included 4 children aged 5 to 9 years with physical impairments and/or documented motor delays. Individual measurable objectives were developed using the GAS for each child.