Exploring colorectal cancer patients' diagnostic pathways and general practitioners' assessment of the diagnostic processes: a Danish survey study.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common cancers and the prognosis of CRC is highly dependent on stage at diagnosis. Although many cases are diagnosed swiftly, there is still room for improvement.

Aim: We aimed to explore CRC diagnostic pathways, encompassing (1) place of initial contact; (2) associations with symptom presentations, sex, and age with events in the diagnostic process and initial referrals and (3) the general practitioner's (GP's) evaluation of the diagnostic processes.

Sensory impairments and the risk of cognitive decline and dementia across sex, age, and regions: Longitudinal insights from Europe.

Background: In aging populations, understanding predictors of cognitive decline is essential. We aimed to investigate the risk of cognitive decline and dementia by sensory impairments across sex, age, and European regions, and examined the mediating role of activities of daily living (ADL), physical activity, and depressive symptoms.

Methods: A cohort study of 72,287 Europeans aged 50+ participating in at least two waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe.

Sensory impairments and depressive symptoms in Europe: a cross-national cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate the associations between sensory impairments and the development of depressive symptoms across sex, age, and European regions, and to examine the mediating role of cognitive function, activities of daily living (ADL), and physical activity.

Method: A cohort study including 56,847 Europeans aged 50+ participating in at least two waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Associations were analyzed using mixed effects logistic regression models considering several confounders.

Barriers for continuous medical education: a cross-sectional questionnaire study among Danish GPs.

Background: GPs' participation in continuous medical education (CME) is essential for patient care, GPs' wellbeing, and healthcare expenditure. However, one-quarter of Danish GPs did not use their reimbursement for CME in 2022. Knowledge of barriers for participating in CME is limited.

Salutogenic health measures: Psychometric properties of the Danish versions of the Flourish Index and the Secure Flourish Index.

Measurement of human flourishing represents a salutogenic approach to epidemiological and behavioral research emphasizing factors contributing to "good lives" rather than pathology. The objective of this study was to translate and psychometrically test the 10-item Flourish Index (FI) and 12-item Secure Flourish Index (SFI) in a convenience sample of Danish adults. A total of 325 participants completed a cross-sectional survey, with 148 of those participants completing the survey a second time (retest).

Cognitive function among religious and non-religious Europeans: a cross-national cohort study.

Objectives: To examine the associations between several measures and categories of religiosity and cognitive function across sex and European regions.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study including 17,756 Europeans aged 50 and older who participated in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe wave 1. Participants were followed for up to 15 years.

Sex differences in vision and hearing impairments across age and European regions : Findings from SHARE.

Aim: Although sensory impairments are common conditions among older people, research often fails to consider the role of sex. We examined sex differences in vision impairment and hearing impairment across age and European regions.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on a pooled sample of 65,656 females and 54,881 males aged 50 years and older participating in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) from 2004-2020.

The role of modifiable risk factors in incident cancer in transport, rescue, and security industries.

Purpose: Examine the risk for site-specific incident cancer across representative transport, rescue, and security industries.

Methods: This Danish nationwide register-based study included all 302,789 workers from transport, rescue and security industries in 2001-2015 and 2,230,877 individuals aged 18-64 years from a total sample of the economically active population for comparison. We used Cox models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of incident cancers.

Effect of religious service attendance on mortality and hospitalisations among Danish men and women: longitudinal findings from REGLINK-SHAREDK.

Research suggests a protective effect of religious service attendance on various health outcomes. However, most research has been done in religious societies, raising the question of whether these associations are also prominent in secular cultures. Here we examine mortality and hospitalisations by religious service attendance among men and women in a secular society.

Prayer frequency and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among older adults in Europe.

Aim: Differences in levels of vaccine uptake have emerged across Europe, and this may partly be explained by religious beliefs. Our aim is to study the association between religiosity, measured by prayer frequency, and vaccine hesitancy, and to examine how this association varies across European countries and regions.

Methods: This study was based on 42,583 adults aged 50 years and above from 27 European countries in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), waves 1-8, and the 2nd SHARE COVID-19 Survey.

Cancer-Related Reductions in Survival: Extent and Duration Evaluated Using a Large Cohort Study of Twins, 1943-2011.

Background: The time during which there is an increased risk of death for cancer survivors was evaluated in a large twin study, which allows for matching on shared components such as age, genes, and socioeconomic factors in childhood.

Methods: By use of data from Danish registers, time to death from initial cancer was studied prospectively in twins in two different settings. The twins were diagnosed with at least one cancer in the period 1943 to 2011.

Longitudinal changes in mental health following the COVID-19 lockdown: Results from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe.

Background: To limit the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, different restriction measures were implemented aiming to ensure social distancing and isolation. However, it is well known that such measures may lead to adverse effects on mental health.

Methods: Data from 36,478 adults aged 50+ from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe was used to investigate the longitudinal changes in mental health from pre-COVID-19 to during the pandemic (summer 2020), considering national restriction levels across 26 European countries and Israel.

Development in life expectancy with good and poor cognitive function in the elderly European Population from 2004-05 to 2015.

Background: Living not just longer, but also cognitively healthier, and more independent lives is essential if European countries are to cope with the financial challenges that the shifting age composition of Europe's population presents. Here we investigate the change in life expectancy (LE) spent with good and poor cognitive function among older adults across Europe.

Methods: LE with good/poor cognitive function was estimated by the Sullivan Method.

Sex differences in quality of life and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly Europeans: results from the SHARE survey.

Objectives: We examine sex differences in quality of life (QoL) and depressive symptoms across age and European regions.

Methods: We performed a large cross-sectional study based on 64,552 women and 53,647 men aged 50+ who participated in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) from 2004-2020. Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine associations with QoL (CASP-12) and depressive symptoms (EURO-D).

Risk of major chronic diseases in transport, rescue and security industries: a longitudinal register-based study.

Objective: To investigate the risk of hospitalisation for major chronic diseases across representative transport, rescue and security industries.

Methods: We performed a register-based study of 624 571 workers from six industries in Denmark between 2000 and 2005, followed up hospitalisation for chronic diseases up to 17 years, and compared with a 20% random sample of the economically active population.

Results: HR from the Cox regression models showed that seafarers had higher risk of lung cancer (men: 1.

The Reciprocal Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Health and the Influence of Sex: A European SHARE-Analysis Based on Structural Equation Modeling.

It is well recognized that socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of health, but many studies fail to address the possibility of reverse causation. We aim to investigate the reciprocal relationship between trajectories of SES and health, and how these associations differ by sex. We performed a longitudinal study including 29,824 men and 37,263 women aged 50+ participating in at least two consecutive waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).

Estimating Relative Risk When Observing Zero Events-Frequentist Inference and Bayesian Credibility Intervals.

Relative risk (RR) is a preferred measure for investigating associations in clinical and epidemiological studies with dichotomous outcomes. However, if the outcome of interest is rare, it frequently occurs that no events are observed in one of the comparison groups. In this case, many of the standard methods used to obtain confidence intervals (CIs) for the RRs are not feasible, even in studies with strong statistical evidence of an association.

Burden and prevalence of risk factors for severe COVID-19 in the ageing European population - a SHARE-based analysis.

Aim: International health authorities suggest that individuals aged 65 years and above and people with underlying comorbidities such as hypertension, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and obesity are at increased risk of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the prevalence of risk factors is unknown in many countries. Therefore, we aimed to describe the distribution of these risk factors across Europe.

Subject And Methods: Prevalence of risk factors for severe COVID-19 was identified based on interviews from 73,274 Europeans aged 50+ participating in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in 2017.

Healthy life expectancy by frailty state in Europe from 2004 to 2015: findings from SHARE.

Background: As populations age, the possible consequences of increased frailty are a major concern for the health sector. Here, we investigate how life expectancy with and without frailty has changed during a 10-11-year-period across Europe.

Methods: The Sullivan method was used to investigate changes in life expectancy with and without frailty in 10 European countries.

Variability Matters.

Much of science, including public health research, focuses on means (averages). The purpose of the present paper is to reinforce the idea that variability matters just as well. At the hand of four examples, we highlight four classes of situations where the conclusion drawn on the basis of the mean alone is qualitatively altered when variability is also considered.

Sex and age differences in COVID-19 mortality in Europe.

Aim: To examine the magnitude of sex differences in survival from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Europe across age groups and regions. We hypothesized that men have a higher mortality than women at any given age but that sex differences will decrease with age as only the healthiest men survive to older ages.

Methods: We used population data from the Institut National D'Études Démographiques on cumulative deaths due to COVID-19 from February to June 2020 in 10 European regions: Denmark, Norway, Sweden, The Netherlands, England and Wales, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Portugal.

Burden and prevalence of risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease in the ageing European population - A SHARE-based analysis.

International health authorities suggest that individuals aged 65 years and above and people with underlying comorbidities such as hypertension, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and obesity are at increased risk of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the prevalence of risk factors is unknown in many countries. Therefore, we aim to describe the distribution of these risk factors across Europe. Prevalence of risk factors for severe COVID-19 was identified based on interview for 73,274 Europeans aged 50+ participating in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in 2017.

Spousal order of migration, gender, and hospitalization among immigrants in Denmark.

Certain migration contexts that may help clarify immigrants' health needs are understudied, including the order in which married individuals migrate. Research shows that men, who are healthier than women across most populations, often migrate to a host country before women. Using Danish register data, we investigate descriptive patterns in the order that married men and women arrive in Denmark, as well as whether migration order is related to overnight hospitalizations.