Background: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is associated with changes in autonomic nervous system activity in preterm infants, which can be assessed by measurements of heart rate variability (HRV). Decreased HRV has been described in adults undergoing disconnection from MV; such information is not available in preterm infants.
Objective: To compare differences in HRV between infants successfully extubated and those who failed, and to evaluate the accuracy of HRV as a predictor of extubation readiness.