IL22/IL-22R pathway induces cell survival in human glioblastoma cells.

Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a member of the IL-10 cytokine family that binds to a heterodimeric receptor consisting of IL-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1) and IL-10R2. IL-22R expression was initially characterized on epithelial cells, and plays an essential role in a number of inflammatory diseases. Recently, a functional receptor was detected on cancer cells such as hepatocarcinoma and lung carcinoma, but its presence was not reported in glioblastoma (GBM).

Fetal tissue allografts in the damaged adult visual cortex: physiology and connectivity.

During the past three decades, many studies have examined the capacity of embryonic neural grafts (dissociated cells or tissue blocks) to restore lost functions following various damages to the adult mammalian brain. Only very few focused on the visual system even if it is the optimal system to examine the potential of embryonic neural grafts in repairing point-to-point networks. Collectively, these studies show that, within limits, homologous sheets of fetal tissue grafted in the occipital cortex of adult rodents integrate into the host visual circuitry and are physiologically active.

Axonal regrowth of layer II-III visual-projecting cortical neurons in rats fails beyond eye opening.

Fetal neurons (embryonic age E16) of occipital origin grafted in the visual cortex of albino rats at increasing postnatal stages (P0, P7, P15, P30, P60, P120) can be activated by photic stimulation. Inputs originate from five major areas of the brain ipsilateral to the graft, namely, the claustrum, the periallocortex/proisocortex, the isocortex, the visual thalamus, and some unspecific subthalamic and hypothalamic nuclei. All inputs decrease in number with the age at which grafting was performed.