Labour market competition for public health graduates in the United States: A comparison of workforce taxonomies with job postings before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A strong public health workforce (PHW) is needed to respond to COVID-19 and public health (PH) issues worldwide. However, classifying, enumerating, and planning the PHW is challenging. Existing PHW taxonomies and enumerations focus on the existing workforce, and largely ignore workforce competition for public health graduates (PHGs).

Public health and health professional education at a tribal college: a collaborative immersion program in rural North Dakota.

Introduction: Native Americans have some of the worst health outcomes of any minority group in the USA, and are severely under-represented in the health professional workforce. From 2009 to 2015, partners from a tribal college in rural North Dakota and academic institutions in New York collaborated to create a program wherein non-Native health professionals traveled to the reservation to teach a summer course to Native students. This study assessed the impact of the program on both the Native students who took the course and the non-Native health professionals who taught the course.

The New Public Health Workforce: Employment Outcomes of Public Health Graduate Students.

Context: Much has been written about the public health workforce, but very little research has been published-and none in a peer-reviewed journal or other report since 1992-regarding the employment outcomes and employment sectors of graduate students pursuing public health as an area of study.

Objectives: Our objectives were to review the literature and analyze data regarding the employment outcomes of public health graduate students and to examine how public health schools and programs might respond to changes in the sectors hiring their graduates.

Design: We reviewed the literature regarding the employment of public health graduates; analyzed 5 years of graduate outcomes from Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health using logistic regression; and we examined data collected by the Association of Schools & Programs of Public Health.

Associations between health literacy, HIV-related knowledge, and information behavior among persons living with HIV in the Dominican Republic.

Objectives: To determine the health literacy levels of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) at a health clinic in the Dominican Republic (DR) and assess associations between health literacy, HIV-related knowledge, and health information behavior (how patients need, seek, receive, and use information).

Design And Sample: Cross-sectional, descriptive. Participants were 107 PLWH attending the Clinic.

Academic Health Center-Community Justice Program Partnerships: Linking Men in the Justice System to Health Care.

Background: Linkage to community health and social services after incarceration is often inadequate. This is troubling, because risk taking and poor health are common immediately after release, and access to health providers and insurance helps individuals to transition home.

Objectives: This article describes how faculty and clinicians at a large academic health center in New York City, established partnerships with justice programs to jointly develop services that aimed to increase health care access for men in the justice system.

Developing capacity for the American Indian health professional workforce: an academic-community partnership in Spirit Lake, North Dakota.

Background: American Indians/Alaskan Native (AIAN) populations experience significant disparities in health when compared to the average US population who are under-represented in the health care professional workforce. Current research suggests that racial concordance between patients and providers has a positive effect on patient care.

Objective: We describe a successful academic-community partnership between a tribal college, a local state academic center, an urban public health institution, and an urban academic center all aligned with the goal to increase AIAN health care professional capacity.

Cultural competency training for public health students: integrating self, social, and global awareness into a master of public health curriculum.

Cultural competency training in public health, medicine, social work, nursing, dental medicine, and other health professions has been a topic of increasing interest and significance. Despite the now burgeoning literature that describes specific knowledge, attitudes, and skills that promote cultural "competence," fully defining this complex, multidimensional term and implementing activities to enhance it remain a challenge. We describe our experiences in introducing a mandatory, full-day workshop to incoming Master of Public Health students, called "Self, Social, and Global Awareness: Personal Capacity Building for Professional Education and Practice.

Skin cancer screening by dermatologists, family practitioners, and internists: barriers and facilitating factors.

Objective: To determine barriers and facilitating factors to skin cancer screening practices among US primary care physicians and dermatologists.

Design: Survey.

Setting: Physicians randomly selected from the American Medical Association's Medical Marketing Services database from April 1 through November 30, 2005.

Smoking and oral contraceptive continuation.

Background: Smoking may be related to early discontinuation of oral contraceptives (OC).

Study Design: This was a planned secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Women aged less than 25 initiating OC at three inner-city publicly funded family planning clinics enrolled in the study.

Prior pill experiences and current continuation among pill restarters.

Context: Discontinuation of oral contraceptives often puts women at risk for unintended pregnancies. Understanding why a woman discontinued pill use can provide insight into her risk of discontinuation if she restarts use.

Methods: Women younger than 25 obtaining oral contraceptives at three university health centers in 2003-2005 were recruited to participate in a randomized trial; 628 former users were interviewed about their previous experience with the method, and were followed up three months after restarting use.

Health practices and vaginal microbicide acceptability among urban black women.

Background: Intravaginal topical microbicides are being investigated for prevention of HIV transmission. Use of vaginal microbicides will constitute a new type of practice, occurring in the context of other vaginal practices related to contraception, hygiene, and self-care, which are affected by cultural norms and personal beliefs. Given the high rate of HIV infection among black women, research on practices and decision making relevant to microbicide acceptability is needed in this population.

Medical pluralism among American women: results of a national survey.

Background: Medical pluralism can be defined as the employment of more than one medical system or the use of both conventional and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for health and illness. American women use a variety of health services and practices for women's health conditions, yet no national study has specifically characterized women's medical pluralism. Our objective was to describe medical pluralism among American women.

Satisfaction with telephonic interpreters in pediatric care.

Objectives: To compare satisfaction among Spanish-speaking mothers who did and did not use telephonic interpreters during pediatric visits, and to examine resident physician attitudes about telephonic interpreter use.

Design, Setting, Participants And Interventions: Anonymous surveys were administered to 98 mothers limited in English proficiency and presenting for well-baby visits in an urban university hospital-affiliated practice. Pediatric visits were performed by 24 non-Spanish-proficient pediatric residents.

Initiation of oral contraceptives using a quick start compared with a conventional start: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To estimate whether young women taking the first pill on the day of prescription had higher continuation rates and lower pregnancy rates than women who waited until menses to start the oral contraceptive pill (OCP).

Methods: We recruited 1,716 women aged younger than 25 years seeking to initiate the oral contraceptive at three publicly funded family planning clinics, and randomly assigned them to conventional initiation of the pill (conventional start) or immediate, directly observed ingestion of the first pill (quick start) during the clinic visit. Women underwent follow-up interviews at 3 and 6 months.

Oral contraceptive discontinuation: do side effects matter?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess self-reported side effects in women after they received the oral contraceptive (OC) and to compare discontinuation rates, according to presence or absence of side effects.

Study Design: The study comprised 1716 women aged <25 years who initiated the OC at 3 publicly funded family planning clinics and completed structured interviews after 3 and 6 months.

Results: Nearly 60% of subjects discontinued the OC by 6 months.

The New York City Community Outreach Study: biomedical and mental health status among a community sample of urban Hispanics.

Objective: This report provides a snapshot of health behavior and risk in one low-income, urban, Latino community. As part of a community health and education program, 200 adult residents were asked about their health status and behavior and screened for conditions known to constitute significant health risk.

Design: A random sample of 10 buildings around a large community-based organization (CBO) service area was selected to receive personal invitation and/or door-to-door flyers announcing several days of free health screening and education at the CBO.

Women's reasons for complementary and alternative medicine use: racial/ethnic differences.

Objectives: Although racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) utilization have been documented, differences in the reasons for using CAM have not been empirically assessed. In an increasingly diverse society, understanding differences in rates of and reasons for CAM use could elucidate cultural and social factors of health behaviors and inform health care improvements. The current study examines reasons for CAM use among women in four racial/ethnic groups.

Race/ethnicity and women's use of complementary and alternative medicine in the United States: results of a national survey.

Objectives: We studied the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among women in 4 racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic Whites, African Americans, Mexican Americans, and Chinese Americans.

Methods: We obtained a nationally representative sample of women aged 18 years and older living in the United States in 2001. Oversampling obtained 800 interviews in each group, resulting in a sample of 3068 women.

Exploring parental grief: combining quantitative and qualitative measures.

Purpose: This study explores parental grief on the death of a child of any age.

Study Design: The sampling frame for the study consisted of 74 respondents reporting that they experienced the death of a living child. With the exception of standard demographic measures, the quantitative and qualitative items in the instrument were designed specifically for this project.

Religion, spirituality, and healthcare choices of African-American women: results of a national survey.

Objective: This study describes the prevalence and patterns of use of religion and spirituality for health reasons among African-American women.

Methods: Respondents were asked about their use of religion/spirituality for health reasons as part of a larger study of the prevalence and correlates of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among women. In 2001, a national survey of 3,172 women, aged 18 and older, was conducted in 4 languages, with over-sampling among African-, Mexican-, and Chinese-American participants.

Quick start: novel oral contraceptive initiation method.

Conventional oral contraceptive (OC) starting instructions require waiting until menses to begin the OC. The conventional approach requires detailed patient education about when to begin and also may require the use of less effective or less acceptable interim contraceptive protection until menses. At our urban family planning clinic, we routinely offer patients starting the OC the option of taking the first tablet sooner.