Diagnosis, Clinical Course, and Treatment of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis in the United States, 1937-2013.

Background: Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rapidly progressing waterborne illness that predominately affects children and is nearly always fatal. PAM is caused by Naegleria fowleri, a free-living amoeba found in bodies of warm freshwater worldwide.

Methods: We reviewed exposure location, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic modalities, and treatment from confirmed cases of PAM diagnosed in the United States during 1937-2013.

Neurologic manifestations associated with an outbreak of typhoid fever, Malawi--Mozambique, 2009: an epidemiologic investigation.

Background: The bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi causes typhoid fever, which is typically associated with fever and abdominal pain. An outbreak of typhoid fever in Malawi-Mozambique in 2009 was notable for a high proportion of neurologic illness.

Objective: Describe neurologic features complicating typhoid fever during an outbreak in Malawi-Mozambique

Methods: Persons meeting a clinical case definition were identified through surveillance, with laboratory confirmation of typhoid by antibody testing or blood/stool culture.

Multidrug-resistant typhoid fever with neurologic findings on the Malawi-Mozambique border.

Background: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi causes an estimated 22 million cases of typhoid fever and 216 000 deaths annually worldwide. We investigated an outbreak of unexplained febrile illnesses with neurologic findings, determined to be typhoid fever, along the Malawi-Mozambique border.

Methods: The investigation included active surveillance, interviews, examinations of ill and convalescent persons, medical chart reviews, and laboratory testing.

Prognostic indicators of poor outcome in horses with laminitis at a tertiary care hospital.

This retrospective study investigated the factors associated with a poor outcome (death by euthanasia or from other causes) in horses treated for laminitis at a tertiary care hospital. Cases (n = 247) were defined as patients with laminitis that were euthanized or that died of other causes during hospitalization. Controls (n = 344) were patients with laminitis that survived to be discharged from the hospital.

Risk factors for development of acute laminitis in horses during hospitalization: 73 cases (1997-2004).

Objective: To identify risk factors for development of acute laminitis in horses during hospitalization for illness or injury.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Animals: 73 horses that developed laminitis (case horses) and 146 horses that did not develop laminitis (control horses) during hospitalization.