Cognitive and Affective Responses to the U.S. FDA E-Cigarette Addiction Warning and Advertisements among Young Adults in California: Product Design, Imagery, and Use.

The current study tested contextual features (product design, imagery, and use) of e-cigarette advertisements on responses to the mandated U.S. FDA addiction text warning.

Developing a narrative communication intervention in the context of HPV vaccination.

Objective: We outline the development of a narrative intervention guided by the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM) to promote Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in a diverse college population.

Methods: We adapted the Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBIT) model to guide the development, evaluation, and refinement of a CSM-guided narrative video. First, content experts developed a video script containing information on HPV, HPV vaccines, and HPV-related cancers.

Motivations to learn genomic information are not exceptional: Lessons from behavioral science.

Whether to undergo genome sequencing in a clinical or research context is generally a voluntary choice. Individuals are often motivated to learn genomic information even when clinical utility-the possibility that the test could inform medical recommendations or health outcomes-is low or absent. Motivations to seek one's genomic information can be cognitive, affective, social, or mixed (e.

Are Interventions Efficacious at Increasing Human Papillomavirus Vaccinations Among Adults? A Meta-Analysis.

Background: A variety of intervention strategies to improve Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates in adults exist; however, they have shown varying efficacy and inconsistent outcomes.

Purpose: This meta-analysis tested the efficacy of HPV vaccination interventions for adults in increasing vaccine intentions, rates of initiation of the vaccine series, and completion rates. The study also tested potential moderators (intervention strategy, theory-based versus nontheory-based interventions, race/ethnicity, gender, study quality) of relationships between intervention receipt and vaccine intentions.

Political views, health literacy, and COVID-19 beliefs and behaviors: A moderated mediation model.

Rationale: Mitigating the spread of COVID-19 requires that people understand the need for and engage in protective behaviors. Given the complexity and rapid progression of media information about the pandemic, health literacy could be essential to acquiring the accurate beliefs, concern for societal risks, and appreciation of restrictive policies needed to motivate these behaviors. Yet with the increasingly politicized nature of COVID-related issues in the United States, health literacy could be an asset for those with more liberal views but less so for those with more conservative views.

Using the common-sense model to explicate the role of illness representation in self-care behaviours and anxiety symptoms among patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: Based on the common-sense model of self-regulation, this study aimed to explicate the mechanism underlying the effect of illness representations on self-care behaviours and anxiety symptoms among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A telephone survey was administered to 473 patients in Hong Kong. Structural equation modelling was used to test if threat and control perceptions regarding diabetes would be associated with self-reported self-care behaviours and anxiety symptoms through adoption of adaptive/maladaptive coping strategies and diabetes-related self-efficacy.

Activation Versus Change as a Principle Underlying Intervention Strategies to Promote Health Behaviors.

Background And Purpose: Interventions are effective in promoting health behavior change to the extent that (a) intervention strategies modify targets (i.e., mechanisms of action), and (b) modifying targets leads to changes in behavior.

Worry as a mechanism of the relationship between perceived new knowledge and discouragement to smoke elicited from graphic cigarette warnings.

Evidence supports the use of graphic warnings to educate the public about the health harms of smoking and suggests warnings eliciting negative emotional responses may be more effective. This study aimed to replicate a preliminary theory-based model whereby perceived new knowledge promotes discouragement from smoking through its impact on worry about smoking with a different sample and using a new set of cigarette graphic warnings. We explored if the pattern extended to encouragement to use e-cigarettes, and if age and user group moderated the indirect effects of these models.

Evidence-based recommendations for communicating the impacts of climate change on health.

Climate change poses a multifaceted, complex, and existential threat to human health and well-being, but efforts to communicate these threats to the public lag behind what we know how to do in communication research. Effective communication about climate change's health risks can improve a wide variety of individual and population health-related outcomes by: (1) helping people better make the connection between climate change and health risks and (2) empowering them to act on that newfound knowledge and understanding. The aim of this manuscript is to highlight communication methods that have received empirical support for improving knowledge uptake and/or driving higher-quality decision making and healthier behaviors and to recommend how to apply them at the intersection of climate change and health.

Beliefs about marijuana use during pregnancy and breastfeeding held by residents of a Latino-majority, rural region of California.

Marijuana use among pregnant and breastfeeding women is on the rise and carries risks for infant health and well-being. Decisions to use marijuana while pregnant and breastfeeding are motivated by beliefs that use poses minimal risk to infants and offers benefits to maternal users. Misperceptions and usage trend higher among disadvantaged populations.

Mental imagery-based self-regulation: Effects on physical activity behaviour and its cognitive and affective precursors over time.

Objectives: (1) Test whether a mental imagery-based self-regulation intervention increases physical activity behaviour over 90 days; (2) Examine cognitive and affective precursors of change in physical activity behaviour.

Design: A randomized control trial with participants (N = 500) randomized to one of six intervention conditions in a 3 (risk communication format: bulleted list, table, risk ladder) x 2 (mental imagery behaviour: physical activity, active control [sleep hygiene]) factorial design.

Methods: After receiving personalized risk estimates via a website on a smartphone, participants listened to an audiorecording that guided them through a mental imagery activity related to improving physical activity (intervention group) or sleep hygiene behaviour (active control).

Effects of mental simulation of future waterpipe tobacco smoking on attitudes, perceived harms and intended use among young adults.

The desire to engage in waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) may occur when smokers and nonsmokers conjure positive mental simulations of WTS. However, effects of these simulations on desire to smoke waterpipe tobacco and potential mediators are unexplored. This research addressed these effects among young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers and nonsmokers.

An Intervention to Change Illness Representations and Self-Care of Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Suboptimal self-care by individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant public health concern. The common-sense model (CSM) proposes that illness representations are associated with coping and health outcomes across various conditions. The present study examined the efficacy of a CSM-based intervention in improving illness representations, self-care, self-care self-efficacy, use of adaptive coping strategies, and glycated hemoglobin among individuals with type 2 DM (T2DM).

Risk Ladder, Table, or Bulleted List? Identifying Formats That Effectively Communicate Personalized Risk and Risk Reduction Information for Multiple Diseases.

Background: Personalized medicine may increase the amount of probabilistic information patients encounter. Little guidance exists about communicating risk for multiple diseases simultaneously or about communicating how changes in risk factors affect risk (hereafter "risk reduction").

Purpose: To determine how to communicate personalized risk and risk reduction information for up to 5 diseases associated with insufficient physical activity in a way laypeople can understand and that increases intentions.

What Happens at Work Comes Home.

Emergency responders (police, fire, ambulance and defence force personnel) risk exposure to dangerous and traumatic events, and the possible subsequent development of post-traumatic stress disorder. Consequently, partners of these emergency responders risk developing secondary traumatic stress (STS) from vicarious exposure to the trauma through communication and engagement with their responders. A mixed-methods study of the partners of emergency responders in New Zealand examined the extent of such partner-associated STS.

The role of incidental affective states in appetitive risk behavior: A meta-analysis.

Appetitive risk behaviors (ARB), including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, consumption of calorie dense/nutrient-poor foods, and sexual risk behavior contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality. Affective states that arise from a wide array of unrelated circumstances (i.e.

Experimental Test of the Educational Impact of the Newly Proposed FDA Graphic Cigarette Warnings Among U.S. Adults.

Background: In August 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration proposed a set of 13 new graphic warnings for cigarette packaging and advertisements.

Measuring Cigarette Smoking Risk Perceptions.

Unlabelled: Risk perception is an important construct in many health behavior theories. Smoking risk perceptions are thoughts and feelings about the harms associated with cigarette smoking. Wide variation in the terminology, definition, and assessment of this construct makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the associations of risk perceptions with smoking behaviors.

Do habitual emotional suppression measures predict response-focused situational suppression during social interactions?

Greater habitual emotional suppression (ES)-assessed by the suppression subscale of the emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ-ES; Gross & John, 2003) and the Courtauld emotion control scale (CECS; Watson & Greer, 1983)-is associated with a range of negative outcomes, which are assumed to arise because habitual ES measures capture the tendency to use ES in response to emotions. The current studies directly test whether habitual ES measures actually capture the response-focused use of ES when emotions arise within social interactions. We conduct these validation tests by integrating measures of habitual ES with naturalistic assessments of negative emotions and the situational use of ES during emotionally relevant interactions with romantic partners (Study 1, = 200; Study 3, = 170) and social interactions with close others in daily life (Study 2, = 430).

Beneath the surface: Abstract construal mindset increases receptivity to metaphors in health communications.

Widespread messages use metaphoric language and imagery to prompt recipients to interpret health-related concepts in terms of dissimilar, familiar concepts (e.g., " the on cancer").

Representations of cancer recurrence risk, recurrence worry, and health-protective behaviours: an elaborated, systematic review.

An expanded Common-Sense Model (CSM) contextualised to the self-regulation of cancer recurrence risk identifies risk representational attributes and recurrence worry as primary processes motivating protective behaviours in cancer survivors. A systematic review examined evidence for CSM hypotheses regarding how these processes influence diet and physical activity (PA) among survivors. A research agenda is outlined and used to evaluate the evidence base.

The Genomic Medicine Integrative Research Framework: A Conceptual Framework for Conducting Genomic Medicine Research.

Conceptual frameworks are useful in research because they can highlight priority research domains, inform decisions about interventions, identify outcomes and factors to measure, and display how factors might relate to each other to generate and test hypotheses. Discovery, translational, and implementation research are all critical to the overall mission of genomic medicine and prevention, but they have yet to be organized into a unified conceptual framework. To fill this gap, our diverse team collaborated to develop the Genomic Medicine Integrative Research (GMIR) Framework, a simple but comprehensive tool to aid the genomics community in developing research questions, strategies, and measures and in integrating genomic medicine and prevention into clinical practice.

Taking Repeated Exposure into Account: An Experimental Study of Direct-To-Consumer Prescription Drug Television Ad Effects.

: Little is known about how repeated exposure to direct-to-consumer prescription drug promotion can impact consumers' retention and perceptions of drug information. The study described here tested the effects of varied ad exposure frequency on these outcomes. : In an in-person experiment, participants with seasonal allergies ( = 616) were randomized to view a mock prescription drug television ad either once, twice, or four times within 1 h of television programming, embedded with six commercial breaks.