Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Among Children and Youth in the United States With Perinatal HIV.

Among 234 US youths with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus, 75% had antiretroviral resistance, substantially higher than that of the reference laboratory overall (36%-44%). Resistance to newer antiretrovirals and to all antiretrovirals in a class was uncommon. The only factor independently associated with future resistance was a higher peak viral load.

Prevalence and Persistence of Varicella Antibodies in Previously Immunized Children and Youth With Perinatal HIV-1 Infection.

Background: Two doses of live-attenuated varicella-zoster vaccine are recommended for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-infected children with CD4% ≥ 15%. We determined the prevalence and persistence of antibody in immunized children with perinatal HIV (PHIV) and their association with number of vaccinations, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), and HIV status.

Methods: The Adolescent Master Protocol is an observational study of children with PHIV and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (PHEU) children conducted at 15 US sites.

Metabolic abnormalities and viral replication are associated with biomarkers of vascular dysfunction in HIV-infected children.

Objectives: HIV-infected children may be at risk for premature cardiovascular disease. We compared levels of biomarkers of vascular dysfunction in HIV-infected children (with and without hyperlipidaemia) with those in HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children enrolled in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS), and determined factors associated with these biomarkers.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out.

Pregnancy outcomes in young women with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus-1.

Objective: The objective of the study was to review pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among perinatally infected pregnant patients at our institution.

Study Design: A retrospective review of maternal and neonatal records for all 10 perinatally infected adolescents between 1997 and 2007 was performed. Demographics, CD4 and viral load, antiretroviral treatment, medical comorbidities, pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status were abstracted.

Family experiences with pediatric antiretroviral therapy: responsibilities, barriers, and strategies for remembering medications.

This study examines the relationship between adherence to pediatric HIV regimens and three family experience factors: (1) regimen responsibility; (2) barriers to adherence; and (3) strategies for remembering to give medications. Caregivers of 127 children ages 2-15 years in the PACTS-HOPE multisite study were interviewed. Seventy-six percent of caregivers reported that their children were adherent (taking > or = 90% of prescribed doses within the prior 6 months).

Adherence to antiretrovirals among US women during and after pregnancy.

Background: Antiretrovirals (ARVs) are recommended for maternal health and to reduce HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission, but suboptimal adherence can counteract its benefits.

Objectives: To describe antepartum and postpartum adherence to ARV regimens and factors associated with adherence.

Methods: We assessed adherence rates among subjects enrolled in Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 1,025 from August 2002 to July 2005 on tablet formulations with at least one self-report adherence assessment.