Mitochondria-originated redox signalling regulates KLF-1 to promote longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Alternations of redox metabolism have been associated with the extension of lifespan in roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, caused by moderate mitochondrial dysfunction, although the underlying signalling cascades are largely unknown. Previously, we identified transcriptional factor Krüppel-like factor-1 (KLF-1) as the main regulator of cytoprotective longevity-assurance pathways in the C. elegans long-lived mitochondrial mutants.

Helping persons with multiple chronic conditions overcome barriers to self-management.

The prevalence of multiple chronic conditions is growing dramatically, which complicates day-to-day self-management for patients. This article describes the features of multiple chronic conditions, an updated chronic care model, barriers to self-management, and strategies NPs can use to reduce or eliminate barriers to self-management in adults with multiple chronic conditions.

A salvage pathway maintains highly functional respiratory complex I.

Regulation of the turnover of complex I (CI), the largest mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, remains enigmatic despite huge advancement in understanding its structure and the assembly. Here, we report that the NADH-oxidizing N-module of CI is turned over at a higher rate and largely independently of the rest of the complex by mitochondrial matrix protease ClpXP, which selectively removes and degrades damaged subunits. The observed mechanism seems to be a safeguard against the accumulation of dysfunctional CI arising from the inactivation of the N-module subunits due to attrition caused by its constant activity under physiological conditions.

KLF-1 orchestrates a xenobiotic detoxification program essential for longevity of mitochondrial mutants.

Most manipulations that extend lifespan also increase resistance to various stress factors and environmental cues in a range of animals from yeast to mammals. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating stress resistance during aging are still largely unknown. Here we identify Krüppel-like factor 1 (KLF-1) as a mediator of a cytoprotective response that dictates longevity induced by reduced mitochondrial function.

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Methods to Communicate and Disseminate Clinical Preventive Services Recommendations.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issues evidence-based screening and prevention recommendations, and key to this task is dissemination and implementation of these recommendations.

Screening for Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

Description: Update of the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for impaired visual acuity in older adults.

Methods: The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on screening for visual acuity impairment associated with uncorrected refractive error, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration among adults 65 years or older in the primary care setting; the benefits and harms of screening; the accuracy of screening; and the benefits and harms of treatment of early vision impairment due to uncorrected refractive error, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration.

Population: This recommendation applies to asymptomatic adults 65 years or older who do not present to their primary care clinician with vision problems.

Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Young Children: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

Description: New US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in young children.

Methods: The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the accuracy, benefits, and potential harms of brief, formal screening instruments for ASD administered during routine primary care visits and the benefits and potential harms of early behavioral treatment for young children identified with ASD through screening.

Population: This recommendation applies to children aged 18 to 30 months who have not been diagnosed with ASD or developmental delay and for whom no concerns of ASD have been raised by parents, other caregivers, or health care professionals.

Screening for Depression in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

Description: Update of the 2009 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for depression in adults.

Methods: The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for depression in adult populations, including older adults and pregnant and postpartum women; the accuracy of depression screening instruments; and the benefits and harms of depression treatment in these populations.

Population: This recommendation applies to adults 18 years and older.

Evaluating Feasible and Referable Behavioral Counseling Interventions.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPTF) recognizes that behaviors have a major impact on health and well-being.

A demonstration of peer support for Ugandan adults with type 2 diabetes.

Background: By 2030, 80% of people with diabetes will be living in developing countries.

Purpose: The purpose of this pre-post quasi-experimental study was to test the feasibility of a peer intervention to improve the following: (1) diabetes self-care behaviors, (2) glycemic control, (3) social support and emotional well-being, (4) linkages to health care providers, and (5) to assess the sustainability of the intervention 18 months later.

Method: Participants were adults with type 2 diabetes who resided in rural Uganda.

Succinate dehydrogenase upregulation destabilize complex I and limits the lifespan of gas-1 mutant.

Many Caenorhabditis elegans mutants with dysfunctional mitochondrial electron transport chain are surprisingly long lived. Both short-lived (gas-1(fc21)) and long-lived (nuo-6(qm200)) mutants of mitochondrial complex I have been identified. However, it is not clear what are the pathways determining the difference in longevity.

Forced sexual experiences as risk factor for self-reported HIV infection among southern African lesbian and bisexual women.

Even though women who have sex with women are usually understood to be at no or very low risk for HIV infection, we explored whether lesbian and bisexual women in a geographical area with high HIV prevalence (Southern Africa) get tested for HIV and whether, among those women who get tested, there are women who live with HIV/AIDS. The study was conducted in collaboration with community-based organizations in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Data were collected via written surveys of women who in the preceding year had had sex with a woman (18 years and older; N = 591).

Evaluation of a Web-based malaria risk reduction game for study abroad students.

Objective: Compare feedback strategies in 3 versions of an educational game.

Participants: Study abroad students (N = 482) participated by playing the game and completing pregame/postgame surveys January-March 2010.

Methods: This study employed an experimental design.

Helping patients with chronic conditions overcome barriers to self-care.

This article provides an overview of barriers to self-care, patients' perceptions and understanding of their chronic illness, interviewing techniques, and approaches nurse practitioners can use to reduce or eliminate barriers to self-care in adults with chronic conditions.

Peer support for self-management of diabetes improved outcomes in international settings.

Self-management of diabetes is essential to reducing the risks of associated disabilities. But effective self-management is often short-lived. Peers can provide the kind of ongoing support that is needed for sustained self-management of diabetes.

Development of a malaria knowledge test for student travelers.

This paper describes a malaria knowledge test (MKT) developed to evaluate a web-based game for students who increasingly travel to malaria-risk regions of the world. The 18-item MKT was structured according to the dimensions of the self-regulation model (SRM) to measure the accuracy of students' beliefs about malaria. An experimental design was used to compare three game versions.

Insights on conducting research in low-resource settings: examples from Vietnam and Uganda.

This commentary describes key observations and strategies, based on the author's experiences in Vietnam and Uganda, for tailoring evidence-based behavioral medicine research in low-resource settings.

Perspectives on healthy behaviors among low-income Latino and non-Latino adults in two rural counties.

Objectives: Rural populations and individuals with low incomes are less likely than the general population to achieve recommended levels of physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption. The purpose of this study was to describe the perspectives of low-income adults in 2 rural Wisconsin counties on the factors that influence physical activity and healthy eating.

Design And Sample: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using 4 focus groups: 2 in English and 2 in Spanish.

Predictors of low-income, obese mothers' use of healthful weight management behaviors.

Objective: To examine the influence of personal and environmental factors on healthful weight management behaviors mediated through self-efficacy among low-income obese mothers.

Design: Cross-sectional design.

Setting: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children in Wisconsin.

Self-care beliefs and behaviors in Ugandan adults with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe illness beliefs and diabetes self-care behaviors of Ugandan adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A convenience sample of 340 adults with type 2 diabetes was recruited from 2 outpatient settings in Kampala, Uganda. Participants were interviewed by a nurse about diabetes self-care behaviors; had their weight, height, and waist and hip circumference measured; and shared with the interviewer the blood glucose and blood pressure values obtained during their clinic visit.

Perceived influences on physical activity and diet in low-income adults from two rural counties.

Background: Despite the increased use of ecological models in health behavior research, multilevel influences on health behaviors in rural, low-income people, an aggregate at high risk for sedentary behavior and inadequate diets, have been examined in few studies.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe influences on physical activity and diet in low-income, rural adults.

Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using face-to-face interviews in a convenience sample of 137 low-income Anglo and Latino adults recruited from two rural Wisconsin counties.

Travel health risk perceptions and prevention behaviors of US study abroad students.

Background: The number of American study abroad students increased more than 150% in the past decade, along with growth in destinations with increased health risks. This study investigated travel health risk perceptions and prevention behaviors to guide interventions that address the emerging health needs of US study abroad students.

Method: A cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 318 American study abroad students using a Web-based survey.

Applying the common sense model to measure representations of arsenic contaminated well water.

Theory-based research is needed to understand how people respond to environmental health risk information. Both the common sense model (CSM) of self-regulation and the mental models approach propose that information shapes individuals' personal understandings that, in turn, influence their decisions and actions. We compare these frameworks and explain how the CSM was applied to describe and measure mental representations of arsenic contaminated well water.

Creating a center for global health at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Globalization, migration, and widespread health disparities call for interdisciplinary approaches to improve health care at home and abroad. Health professions students are pursuing study abroad in increasing numbers, and universities are responding with programs to address these needs. The University of Wisconsin (UW)-Madison schools of medicine and public health, nursing, pharmacy, veterinary medicine, and the division of international studies have created an interdisciplinary center for global health (CGH).