Relation of hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia to bipolar and psychotic disorders.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by hypercalcemia and an elevated level of serum parathyroid hormone. PHPT leads to hypercalcemia and presents with renal, skeletal, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Neuropsychiatric manifestations of PHPT such as psychotic, depressive, and anxiety disorders are rare.

Legal Considerations of Psychiatric Nursing Practice.

There are major legal issues that affect psychiatric nursing and guidelines for practicing in a legal and responsible manner. Advances in understanding of psychiatric conditions and developments in how nurses care for psychiatric patients result in changes in regulations, case law, and policies that govern nursing practice. Professional development, keeping abreast of current research and literature regarding clinical practice and trends, and involvement in professional organizations are some of the ways that psychiatric nurses can meet the challenges of their profession.

Bupropion diversion and misuse in the correctional facility.

The antidepressant bupropion plays an important role in the treatment of mental health disorders. It is well known that incarcerated individuals are at increased risk of experimenting with psychiatric medications and it is imperative for prescribers and clinicians to understand the misuse potential of these medications, including bupropion. The mechanism of reinforcement of misuse of bupropion is related to the effect on dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitter systems.

Legal aspects of psychiatric nursing.

In attempting to practice within legal limits, psychiatric nurses must demonstrate safe and acceptable clinical practice. Clinical standards and legal standards change over time, and it can be difficult to be aware of all the changes that occur. Ways exist to minimize the risk of litigation, however.