Naturalistic driving analysis of situational, behavioral, and psychosocial determinants of speeding.

The present analysis used full-trip naturalistic driving data along with driver behavioral and psychosocial surveys to understand the individual and contextual predictors of speeding. The data were collected over a three-week period from 44 drivers and contain 3,798 full trips, with drivers speeding 7.8 % of the time.

Automated Driving System Collisions: Early Lessons.

Objective: This research evaluated Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) involved collisions to identify factors relevant to future ADS research and development.

Background: Rapidly developing ADSs promise improved safety, among other benefits. Properly applied collision research can inform ADS development, to minimize future collisions.

Glass half-full: On-road glance metrics differentiate crashes from near-crashes in the 100-Car data.

Background: Much of the driver distraction and inattention work to date has focused on concerns over drivers removing their eyes from the forward roadway to perform non-driving-related tasks, and its demonstrable link to safety consequences when these glances are timed at inopportune moments. This extensive literature has established, through the analyses of glance from naturalistic datasets, a clear relationship between eyes-off-road, lead vehicle closing kinematics, and near-crash/crash involvement.

Objective: This paper looks at the role of driver expectation in influencing drivers' decisions about when and for how long to remove their eyes from the forward roadway in an analysis that consider the combined role of on- and off-road glances.

Creation of the Naturalistic Engagement in Secondary Tasks (NEST) distracted driving dataset.

Problem: Distracted driving has become a topic of critical importance to driving safety research over the past several decades. Naturalistic driving data offer a unique opportunity to study how drivers engage with secondary tasks in real-world driving; however, the complexities involved with identifying and coding relevant epochs of naturalistic data have limited its accessibility to the general research community.

Method: This project was developed to help address this problem by creating an accessible dataset of driver behavior and situational factors observed during distraction-related safety-critical events and baseline driving epochs, using the Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP2) naturalistic dataset.

Assessment of naturalistic use patterns of advanced infotainment systems.

Objective: The objective was to examine naturalistic usage of infotainment systems to assess use characteristics and patterns.

Background: Infotainment systems continue to evolve in terms of their capabilities and information availability, raising concerns about their distraction potential. Assessing potential distraction requires understanding how challenging different tasks are and how frequently they occur during driving.

An opportunity for convergence? Understanding the prevalence and risk of distracted driving through the use of crash databases, crash investigations, and other approaches.

A variety of methodologies for understanding the prevalence of distracted driving, its risk, and other aspects of driver secondary activity, have been used in the last 15 years. Although the current trend is toward naturalistic driving studies, each methodology contributes certain elements to a better understanding that could emerge from a convergence of these efforts. However, if differing methods are to contribute to a common and robust understanding of driver distraction, it is critical to understand the strengths and limitations of each method.

Scrolling and driving: how an MP3 player and its aftermarket controller affect driving performance and visual behavior.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess how scrolling through playlists on an MP3 player or its aftermarket controller affects driving performance and to examine how drivers adapt device use to driving demands.

Background: Drivers use increasingly complex infotainment devices that can undermine driving performance. The goal activation hypothesis suggests that drivers might fail to compensate for these demands, particularly with long tasks and large search set sizes.

Retinopathy of prematurity and risk factors: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Increased survival of extremely low birth infants due to advances in antenatal and neonatal care has resulted in a population of infants at high risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Therapeutic interventions include the use of antenatal and postnatal steroids however, their effects on the severity of ROP is in dispute. In addition, it has not been investigated whether severe ROP is due to therapeutic interventions or due to the severity of illness.