The perils of open landfill: a study on environmental risk assessment in Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Improper and unscientific management of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill sites has increasingly become a pressing environmental issue especially in the mountainous regions worldwide. In view of this, an attempt was made to assess the detrimental effects of MSW landfill on the natural water sources at Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh. Further, the suitability of potential landfill site and dispersion of pollutant air masses were stipulated using Arc GIS and HYSPLIT model.

Added value of the EUSOBI diffusion levels in breast MRI.

Objectives: To investigate whether using the diffusion levels (DLs) proposed by the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) improves the diagnostic accuracy of breast MRI.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 145 women who, between September 2019 and June 2020, underwent breast 1.5-T MRI with DWI.

Pathological outcome of sonographically occult architectural distortions (AD) visible only on digital breast tomosynthesis, and comparison with AD visible also on 2D mammography.

Purpose: To evaluate the rates of malignant and of high-risk lesions among sonographically occult architectural distortions (AD) visible only on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and compare them with AD visible on 2D mammography (2D) and DBT.

Method: The records of 1104 DBT-vacuum assisted biopsies (DBT-VAB) were retrospectively reviewed and 218 cases of AD were identified. Complete radiologic examinations and pathologic results were available for 113 sonographically occult AD (1 clinically-detected, 112 clinically-occult).

Multireader comparison of contrast-enhanced mammography versus the combination of digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis in the preoperative assessment of breast cancer.

Purpose: To compare preoperative contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CEM) versus digital mammography plus digital breast tomosynthesis (DM + DBT) in detecting breast cancer (BC) and assessing its size.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively included 78 patients with histological diagnosis of BC who underwent preoperative DM, DBT, and CEM over one year. Four readers, blinded to pathology and clinical information, independently evaluated DM + DBT versus CEM to detect BC and measure its size.

Structured report for chest high-resolution computed tomography in patients with connective tissue disease: Impact on the report quality as perceived by referring clinicians.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate the impact on perceived report quality of referring rheumatologists for a chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) structured report (SR) template for patients with connective tissue disease (CTD), compared to the traditional narrative report (NR).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively considered 123 HRCTs in patients with CTD. Three radiologists, blinded to the original NRs they wrote during clinical routine, re-reported each HRCT using an SR dedicated template.

Food Fortification: The Level of Awareness among Kenyan Consumers.

More than half of the morbidity and mortality cases among children in Kenya are as a result of micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs). Food fortification is considered by the Government of Kenya as a feasible strategy for addressing MNDs. Worldwide, fortification has been proven to be effective since it does not require any change in dietary habits.

Preoperative assessment of breast cancer: Multireader comparison of contrast-enhanced MRI versus the combination of unenhanced MRI and digital breast tomosynthesis.

Purpose: To compare the sensitivity for breast cancer (BC) and BC size estimation of preoperative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) versus combined unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (UMRI) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively included 56 women who underwent DBT and preoperative 1.5 T CEMRI between January 2016-February 2017.

Do clinical and radiologic features help predict malignancy of B3 breast lesions without epithelial atypia (B3a)?

Objectives: To evaluate excision histology outcome of B3a lesions diagnosed at imaging-guided core biopsy and assess whether clinical and radiologic features may predict upgrade to malignancy.

Methods: A total of 153 B3a lesions (74 papillomas, 51 radial scars and 28 fibro-epithelial lesions) that underwent surgical excision were assessed. PPV for malignancy in all B3a lesions and specific for each sub-category was evaluated.

Automated breast volume scanner (ABVS) in assessing breast cancer size: A comparison with conventional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.

Objectives: To compare automated breast volume scanner (ABVS), ultrasound (US) and MRI in measuring breast cancer size, and evaluate the agreement between ABVS and US in assessing lesion location and sonographic features.

Methods: We retrospectively included 98 women with 100 index cancers who had undergone US and ABVS followed by 1.5T MRI.

Automated breast ultrasound: basic principles and emerging clinical applications.

Automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) is a recently introduced ultrasonography technique, developed with the purpose to standardize breast ultrasonography and overcome some limitations of handheld ultrasound (HHUS), such as operator dependence and the considerable amount of medical time necessary to perform and interpret HHUS. This new ultrasonography technique separates the moment of image acquisition (that may be performed also by a technician) from that of its interpretation, increasing reproducibility, reducing operator-dependence and physician time. Moreover, multiplanar reconstructions, especially the coronal view, introduce new diagnostic information.

Mobile Phones-An asset or a liability: A study based on characterization and assessment of metals in waste mobile phone components using leaching tests.

The prolonged use of old fashioned gadgets, especially mobile phones, is declining readily with the advancement in technology which ultimately lead to generation of e-waste. The present study investigates the concentrations of nine metals (Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sn, and Zn) in various components of the mobile phones using Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), Waste Extraction Test (WET) and Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP). The results were compared with the threshold limits for hazardous waste defined by the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (CDTSC) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

MR mammography using diffusion-weighted imaging in evaluating breast cancer: a correlation with proliferation index.

Purpose: To evaluate whether the variation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained with DWI can predict elevated levels of Ki67 proliferation index and aggressive subtypes in patients with breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: Breast MRI studies of 115 patients (mean age 57.3 years, range 36-81 years) with a biopsy-proven breast cancers were evaluated in this retrospective IRB-approved study.

Normal tissue complication probability models for severe acute radiological lung injury after radiotherapy for lung cancer.

Purpose: To derive Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) models for severe patterns of early radiological radiation-induced lung injury (RRLI) in patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) for lung tumors. Second, derive threshold doses and optimal doses for prediction of RRLI to be used in differential diagnosis of tumor recurrence from RRLI during follow-up.

Methods And Materials: Lyman-EUD (LEUD), Logit-EUD (LogEUD), relative seriality (RS) and critical volume (CV) NTCP models, with DVH corrected for fraction size, were used to model the presence of severe early RRLI in follow-up CTs.

Role of magnetic resonance imaging in probably benign (BI-RADS category 3) microcalcifications of the breast.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate whether magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is able to rule out malignancy in the case of BI-RADS 3 microcalcifications, providing a sufficient negative predictive value (NPV) for early work-up, and to reduce unnecessary stereotactically guided vacuum-assisted biopsy (SVAB) procedures.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively enrolled consecutive women with BI-RADS 3 microcalcifications, who subsequently underwent MR imaging and SVAB. The MR studies were reviewed according to the MR-BI-RADS classification system; lesions assessed as MR-BI-RADS 1 and 2 were considered negative for malignancy, categories MR-BI-RADS 3, 4 and 5 indicated malignant lesions.

High-risk breast lesions at imaging-guided needle biopsy: usefulness of MRI for treatment decision.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of MRI for characterization of high-risk breast lesions diagnosed at imaging-guided needle biopsy.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective analysis of 220 patients, 227 high-risk lesions (94 papillomas, 64 radial sclerosing lesions, 46 lobular neoplasias, and 23 atypical ductal hyperplasias) found at 11-gauge vacuum-assisted or 14-gauge needle biopsy were studied with dynamic MRI (time resolution, 84 or 88 seconds; gadopentetate dimeglumine or gadobenate dimeglumine, 0.1 mmol/kg).

Magnetic resonance imaging of radial sclerosing lesions (radial scars) of the breast.

Purpose: To identify magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) features of radial sclerosing lesions (RSLs) of the breast.

Methods And Materials: The radiologic and pathologic records for 4629 consecutive patients undergoing MR examinations of the breast were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who received a pathologic diagnosis of RSL without atypia or carcinoma at surgical excision were identified.

Nonsurgical management of high-risk lesions diagnosed at core needle biopsy: can malignancy be ruled out safely with breast MRI?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether breast MRI can be used to rule out malignancy in patients with high-risk lesions diagnosed at imaging-guided core needle biopsy.

Subjects And Methods: The subjects were women consecutively registered between October 2004 and April 2010 who had high-risk lesions diagnosed at mammographically or sonographically guided core needle biopsy and subsequently underwent MRI and surgical excision. MR images were reviewed by two experienced breast radiologists.

Hyperechoic lesions of the breast: not always benign.

Objective: The purposes of our study were, first, to evaluate the frequency, clinical presentation, and associated imaging findings of malignant breast lesions presenting as hyperechoic nodules in a large series of consecutive sonographically guided core needle biopsies (CNBs) and, second, to investigate sonographic features that are able to predict malignancy in hyperechoic breast lesions.

Materials And Methods: The radiologic and pathologic records for 4511 consecutive sonographically guided CNBs were retrospectively reviewed. Hyperechoic lesions were identified, and clinical notes and related mammography or MRI reports were reviewed.

The wide spectrum of hyperechoic lesions of the breast.

Although breast lesions are commonly detected because of their hypoechogenicity, some lesions may present with hyperechogenicity due to their histological components. Hyperechogenicity has been shown to be highly predictive of benignity; however, hyperechoic lesions can occasionally be malignant. This article reviews hyperechoic lesions of the breast, describes the underlying histological causes associated with hyperechogenicity, and the sonographic features useful for the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant hyperechoic lesions.

Borderline breast lesions: comparison of malignancy underestimation rates with 14-gauge core needle biopsy versus 11-gauge vacuum-assisted device.

Objective: To compare malignancy underestimation rates in the case of percutaneous diagnosis of borderline breast lesions(B3) at 14-g core-needle-biopsy (CNB) and at 11-g vacuum-assisted-biopsy (VAB).

Methods: The histological results of 4764 image-guided breast biopsies were retrospectively reviewed. 300 B3, 151 benign papillomas, 88 radial sclerosing lesions, 46 lobular neoplasia, 15 atypical ductal hyperplasia diagnosed at ultrasound-guided 14-g CNB (76%) or stereotactically-guided 11-g VAB (24%) were identified.

Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with nipple discharge: should we recommend it?

Objectives: Comparing the sensitivity of Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CEMRI), mammography and ultrasonography in patients with nipple discharge (ND).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 38 women with ND who underwent mammography, ultrasound and 1.5 T CEMRI between March 2007 and July 2009.

Surgical specimen ultrasound: is it able to predict the status of resection margins after breast-conserving surgery?

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of surgical specimen ultrasound in the assessment of the status of resection margins after breast-conserving surgery.

Methods And Materials: Sonographic examination of 46 surgical specimens of US-detectable malignant tumors was performed. Distance of the lesion from the specimen margins in four radial directions was measured and compared with distances measured on pathologic examination.

Male breast lesions: which abnormalities really need core needle biopsy?

Aims And Background: The purpose of the study was to identify clinical, mammographic or sonographic abnormalities of the male breast that require histological characterization.

Methods And Study Design: Clinical and imaging features of 31 male patients with breast lesions were retrospectively evaluated and correlated with core needle biopsy results.

Results: Seven of 31 (22.