Synthesizing coherence loss by atmospheric turbulence in virtual microphone array signals.

Phased microphone array methods are increasingly used to localize and quantify noise sources of aircraft under flight condition. However, beamforming results suffer from loss of image resolution and corruption of sound levels due to atmospheric turbulence causing coherence loss between microphones. A synthesis method is presented that reproduces these effects in a virtual environment.

Benefits of subsidence control for coastal flooding in China.

Land subsidence is impacting large populations in coastal Asia via relative sea-level rise (RSLR). Here we assesses these risks and possible response strategies for China, including estimates of present rates of RSLR, flood exposure and risk to 2050. In 2015, each Chinese coastal resident experienced on average RSLR of 11 to 20 mm/yr.

The macroeconomic effects of adapting to high-end sea-level rise via protection and migration.

Climate change-induced sea level rise (SLR) is projected to be substantial, triggering human adaptation responses, including increasing protection and out-migration from coastlines. Yet, in macroeconomic assessments of SLR the latter option has been given little attention. We fill this gap by providing a global analysis of the macroeconomic effects of adaptation to SLR, including coastal migration, focusing on the higher end of SLR projections until 2050.

Auralization of aircraft flyovers with turbulence-induced coherence loss in ground effect.

Residents around airports are impacted by noise produced by civil aircraft operations. With the aim of reducing the negative effects of noise, new low-noise aircraft concepts and flight procedures are being developed. The design processes and the assessments of design variants can be supported by auralization of virtual flyovers.

Uncertainty and Bias in Global to Regional Scale Assessments of Current and Future Coastal Flood Risk.

This study provides a literature-based comparative assessment of uncertainties and biases in global to world-regional scale assessments of current and future coastal flood risks, considering mean and extreme sea-level hazards, the propagation of these into the floodplain, people and coastal assets exposed, and their vulnerability. Globally, by far the largest bias is introduced by not considering human adaptation, which can lead to an overestimation of coastal flood risk in 2100 by up to factor 1300. But even when considering adaptation, uncertainties in how coastal societies will adapt to sea-level rise dominate with a factor of up to 27 all other uncertainties.

Projections of global-scale extreme sea levels and resulting episodic coastal flooding over the 21st Century.

Global models of tide, storm surge, and wave setup are used to obtain projections of episodic coastal flooding over the coming century. The models are extensively validated against tide gauge data and the impact of uncertainties and assumptions on projections estimated in detail. Global "hotspots" where there is projected to be a significant change in episodic flooding by the end of the century are identified and found to be mostly concentrated in north western Europe and Asia.

Coastal flood risks in China through the 21st century - An application of DIVA.

China experiences frequent coastal flooding, with nearly US$ 77 billion of direct economic losses and over 7,000 fatalities reported from 1989 to 2014. Flood damages are likely to grow due to climate change induced sea-level rise and increasing exposure if no further adaptation measures are taken. This paper quantifies potential damage and adaptation costs of coastal flooding in China over the 21st Century, including the effects of sea-level rise.

Author Correction: Future response of global coastal wetlands to sea-level rise.

Change history: In Fig. 2b of this Letter, 'Relative wetland change (km)' should have read 'Relative wetland change (%)' and equations (2) and (3) have been changed from 'RSLR = (m × TR) × Sed + i' and 'Sed = (RSLR - i)/(m × TR)', respectively. The definition of the variables in equation (2) has been updated.

Future response of global coastal wetlands to sea-level rise.

The response of coastal wetlands to sea-level rise during the twenty-first century remains uncertain. Global-scale projections suggest that between 20 and 90 per cent (for low and high sea-level rise scenarios, respectively) of the present-day coastal wetland area will be lost, which will in turn result in the loss of biodiversity and highly valued ecosystem services. These projections do not necessarily take into account all essential geomorphological and socio-economic system feedbacks.

Stabilization of global temperature at 1.5°C and 2.0°C: implications for coastal areas.

The effectiveness of stringent climate stabilization scenarios for coastal areas in terms of reduction of impacts/adaptation needs and wider policy implications has received little attention. Here we use the Warming Acidification and Sea Level Projector Earth systems model to calculate large ensembles of global sea-level rise (SLR) and ocean pH projections to 2300 for 1.5°C and 2.

A Mediterranean coastal database for assessing the impacts of sea-level rise and associated hazards.

We have developed a new coastal database for the Mediterranean basin that is intended for coastal impact and adaptation assessment to sea-level rise and associated hazards on a regional scale. The data structure of the database relies on a linear representation of the coast with associated spatial assessment units. Using information on coastal morphology, human settlements and administrative boundaries, we have divided the Mediterranean coast into 13 900 coastal assessment units.

Coastal flood damage and adaptation costs under 21st century sea-level rise.

Coastal flood damage and adaptation costs under 21st century sea-level rise are assessed on a global scale taking into account a wide range of uncertainties in continental topography data, population data, protection strategies, socioeconomic development and sea-level rise. Uncertainty in global mean and regional sea level was derived from four different climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, each combined with three land-ice scenarios based on the published range of contributions from ice sheets and glaciers. Without adaptation, 0.