Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi disturbs autophagy to increase intracellular survival in macrophages.

The autophagy pathway plays a crucial role in resistance to bacterial infection in the host. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), a human restricted pathogen, causes a systemic infection known as typhoid fever.

Reciprocal regulation between bacterial secretion systems and host metabolism: Enhancing bacterial intracellular survival capability.

Secretion systems are intricate nanomachines present on many bacterial cell membranes that deliver various bacterially-encoded effector proteins into eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells. They are pivotal in bacterial invasion, host colonization, and pathogenesis. After infection, bacteria employ these machines to deliver toxic effectors to the cytoplasm of host cells that disrupt their metabolic balance, such as interfering with glucose metabolism, promoting lipid droplets formation, altering amino acid profiles and mitochondrial morphology, and reducing ROS levels, to ensure bacterial intracellular survival.

Dexmedetomidine modulates mitochondrial dynamics to protect against endotoxin-induced lung injury via the protein kinase C-ɑ/haem oxygenase-1 signalling pathway.

Background: Endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has a high mortality rate, and there are limited effective treatment options available. The aim of the present study was to identify if dexmedetomidine could regulate mitochondrial fusion and fission through the protein kinase C (PKC)-α/haem oxygenase (HO)-1 pathway to protect against endotoxin-induced ALI.

Materials And Methods: Dexmedetomidine was administered by intraperitoneal injection once daily for three days prior to induction of lung injury to mice.

Assessing the sustainability of renewable energy: An empirical analysis of selected 18 European countries.

There are many studies on the sustainability of renewable energy, mainly focusing on energy supply, economic, social, environmental and technological aspects, but there are few studies on the sustainability of renewable energy itself. This work focuses on the systematic and quantitative assessment of the sustainability of renewable energy itself by analyzing the sustainability of renewable energy in selected 18 European countries from 2007 to 2016. The consumption of renewable energy in these selected 18 countries accounts for ~95% of the consumption of renewable energy in the European Union.

[Identification of meat marker peptides and detection of adulteration by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was established for the identification of meat marker peptides and quantitative detection of common exogenous meat in mutton adulteration. Samples were prepared by protein extraction, trypsin hydrolysis, and solid phase extraction. Proteins and peptides were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic orbitrap-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/Exactive-HRMS) combined with Proteinpilot software.