Nuclei Detection and Segmentation of Histopathological Images Using a Feature Pyramidal Network Variant of a Mask R-CNN.

Cell nuclei interpretation is crucial in pathological diagnostics, especially in tumor specimens. A critical step in computational pathology is to detect and analyze individual nuclear properties using segmentation algorithms. Conventionally, a semantic segmentation network is used, where individual nuclear properties are derived after post-processing a segmentation mask.

Metformin Treatment Is Not Associated with Altered PD-L1 Expression in Diabetic Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

: The anti-neoplastic activity of metformin is a subject of current debate. Preclinical data have suggested that metformin enhances PD-L1 anti-tumor effects in various cancer entities by decreasing insulin levels and inducing energetic stress. However, its impact on PD-L1 expression remains unclear in a clinical setting.

Multidisciplinary Teams in Musculoskeletal Infection - From a Pathologist's Perspective.

Multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings have emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of cancer patients. These meetings involve a team of healthcare professionals from different disciplines working together to develop a holistic, patient-centered treatment. Although MDT meetings are well established in oncology, they play a minor role in other diseases.

Comparative Analysis of Mitochondria Surrounding the Intercalated Discs in Heart Diseases-An Ultrastructural Pilot Study.

Background: Mitochondria play a crucial role in adapting to fluctuating energy demands, particularly in various heart diseases. This study investigates mitochondrial morphology near intercalated discs in left ventricular (LV) heart tissues, comparing samples from patients with sinus rhythm (SR), atrial fibrillation (AF), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM).

Methods: Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze mitochondria within 0-3.

Immunohistochemical Assessment of Microvessel Density in OSCC: Spatial Heterogeneity of Angiogenesis and Its Impact on Survival.

(1) Background Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are a common malignancy of the oral cavity and are often diagnosed when they have already spread to the regional lymph nodes. Advanced stages of cancer are characterized by the development of distant metastases. Angiogenesis, a hallmark of cancer, is known to contribute to cancer progression and metastasis.

3D Visualization, Skeletonization and Branching Analysis of Blood Vessels in Angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessels growing from existing vasculature. Visualizing them as a three-dimensional (3D) model is a challenging, yet relevant, task as it would be of great help to researchers, pathologists, and medical doctors. A branching analysis on the 3D model would further facilitate research and diagnostic purposes.

Tumor Immune Microenvironment Heterogeneity at the Invasion Front and Tumor Center in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma as a Perspective of Managing This Cancer Entity.

Background: Evaluating the tumor microenvironment and its influence on clinical management and therapy response is becoming increasingly important. However, only a few studies deal with the spatial distribution of immune cells within the tumor. This study aimed to describe the topology of immune cells in the microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) sectioned by tumor invasion front and tumor center and to test their prognostic relevance regarding patient survival.

Macrophages: From Simple Phagocyte to an Integrative Regulatory Cell for Inflammation and Tissue Regeneration-A Review of the Literature.

The understanding of macrophages and their pathophysiological role has dramatically changed within the last decades. Macrophages represent a very interesting cell type with regard to biomaterial-based tissue engineering and regeneration. In this context, macrophages play a crucial role in the biocompatibility and degradation of implanted biomaterials.

In Vivo Comparison of Synthetic Macroporous Filamentous and Sponge-like Skin Substitute Matrices Reveals Morphometric Features of the Foreign Body Reaction According to 3D Biomaterial Designs.

Synthetic macroporous biomaterials are widely used in the field of skin tissue engineering to mimic membrane functions of the native dermis. Biomaterial designs can be subclassified with respect to their shape in fibrous designs, namely fibers, meshes or fleeces, respectively, and porous designs, such as sponges and foams. However, synthetic matrices often have limitations regarding unfavorable foreign body responses (FBRs).

First detection of primary cilia in injured human anterior cruciate ligament: A pilot study with pathophysiological reflections.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) plays a significant role in knee stability, protects the joint under multiple loading conditions and shows complex biomechanics. Beside mechanical stability, the ACL seems to play a crucial role in proprioception, and it is well known, that ACL injuries can cause functional deficits due to decreased proprioception. However, the mechanism of proprioception is not completely understood yet.

Four-year-olds' strategic allocation of resources: attempts to elicit reciprocation correlate negatively with spontaneous helping.

Behaviour benefitting others (prosocial behaviour) can be motivated by self-interested strategic concerns as well as by genuine concern for others. Even in very young children such behaviour can be motivated by concern for others, but whether it can be strategically motivated by self-interest is currently less clear. Here, children had to distribute resources in a game in which a rich but not a poor recipient could reciprocate.

Validation of the questionnaire for impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson's disease (QUIP) and the QUIP-rating scale in a German speaking sample.

Impulsive-compulsive disorders are frequent in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, a screening questionnaire and rating scale were developed for these disorders: the questionnaire for impulsive-compulsive disorders (QUIP) and QUIP-rating scale (QUIP-RS). We assessed the validity of these instruments in the German language in order to reevaluate the benefit and to obtain German screening tools in clinical practice.

Alexithymia-an independent risk factor for impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson's disease.

Impulsive-compulsive disorders (ICDs) are frequent side effects of dopaminergic medication in Parkinson's disease (PD). Alexithymia, a personality trait characterized by difficulties identifying and describing feelings and an externally oriented thinking style, has been linked to various impulse-control problems in the general population. In PD, the prevalence of alexithymia is approximately twice as high as in the general population.