Toxicity of tributyltin to the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis: Metabolomic responses indicate impacts to energy metabolism, biochemical composition and reproductive maturation.

Tri-Butyl Tin (TBT) remains as a legacy pollutant in the benthic environments. Although the toxic impacts and endocrine disruption caused by TBT to gastropod molluscs have been established, the changes in energy reserves allocated to maintenance, growth, reproduction and survival of European oysters Ostrea edulis, a target species of concerted benthic habitat restoration projects, have not been explored. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of TBT chloride (TBTCl) on potential ions and relevant metabolomic pathways and its association with changes in physiological, biochemical and reproductive parameters in O.