Ewing Sarcoma of the Female Genital Tract: Clinicopathologic Analysis of 21 Cases With an Emphasis on the Differential Diagnosis of Gynecologic Round Cell, Spindle, and Epithelioid Neoplasms.

Ewing sarcoma is an uncommon neoplasm considered in the differential diagnosis of tumors with "small round cell" morphology, but its occurrence in the gynecologic tract has only been sporadically documented. Herein, we describe the largest cohort of Ewing sarcoma localized to the female genital tract to date, and emphasize their clinicopathologic resemblance to more common gynecologic neoplasms. Ewing sarcoma (n=21) was retrospectively identified from 5 institutions.

Molecular Landscape of Mullerian Clear Cell Carcinomas Identifies The Cancer Genome Atlas-like Prognostic Subgroups.

Mullerian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is often aggressive and chemoresistant. The prognostic significance of molecular subclassification of endometrioid carcinomas is well established. However, less is known about the molecular landscape of CCC.

Update of pediatric bone tumors-other mesenchymal tumors of bone, hematopoietic neoplasms of bone, and WHO classification of undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas of bone.

There are numerous bone tumors in the pediatric population, with imaging playing an essential role in diagnosis and management. Our understanding of certain bone tumors has rapidly evolved over the past decade with advancements in next-generation genetic sequencing techniques. This increased level of understanding has altered the nomenclature, management approach, and prognosis of certain lesions.

Update of pediatric bone tumors-notochordal tumors, chondrogenic tumors, and vascular tumors of the bone.

There are numerous bone tumors in the pediatric population, with imaging playing an essential role in diagnosis and management. Our understanding of certain bone tumors has rapidly evolved over the past decade with advancements in next-generation genetic sequencing techniques. This increased level of understanding has altered the nomenclature, management approach, and prognosis of certain lesions.

Update of pediatric bone tumors: osteogenic tumors and osteoclastic giant cell-rich tumors.

There are numerous bone tumors in the pediatric population, with imaging playing an essential role in diagnosis and management. Our understanding of certain bone tumors has rapidly evolved over the past decade with advancements in next-generation genetic sequencing techniques. This increased level of understanding has altered the nomenclature, management approach, and prognosis of certain lesions.

Outcome-based Validation of Confluent/Expansile Versus Infiltrative Pattern Assessment and Growth-based Grading in Ovarian Mucinous Carcinoma.

The growth pattern (confluent/expansile versus infiltrative) in primary ovarian mucinous carcinoma (OMC) is prognostically important, and the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) currently recommends recording the percentage of infiltrative growth in this tumor type. Histologic grading of OMC is controversial with no single approach widely accepted or currently recognized by the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Since ovarian carcinoma grade is often considered in clinical decision-making, previous literature has recommended incorporating clinically relevant tumor parameters such as growth pattern into the OMC grade.

Update of pediatric soft tissue tumors with review of conventional MRI appearance-part 2: vascular lesions, fibrohistiocytic tumors, muscle tumors, peripheral nerve sheath tumors, tumors of uncertain differentiation, and undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas.

There are numerous soft tissue tumors and tumor-like conditions in the pediatric population. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most useful modality for imaging these lesions. Although certain soft tissue lesions exhibit magnetic resonance features characteristic of a specific diagnosis, most lesions are indeterminate, and a biopsy is necessary for diagnosis.

Update of pediatric soft tissue tumors with review of conventional MRI appearance-part 1: tumor-like lesions, adipocytic tumors, fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors, and perivascular tumors.

There are numerous soft tissue tumors and tumor-like conditions in the pediatric population. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most useful modality for imaging these lesions. Although certain soft tissue lesions exhibit magnetic resonance features characteristic of a specific diagnosis, most lesions are indeterminate, and a biopsy is necessary for diagnosis.

Histopathologic and Machine Deep Learning Criteria to Predict Lymphoma Transformation in Bone Marrow Biopsies.

Context.—: Large cell transformation (LCT) of indolent B-cell lymphomas, such as follicular lymphoma (FL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), signals a worse prognosis, at which point aggressive chemotherapy is initiated. Although LCT is relatively straightforward to diagnose in lymph nodes, a marrow biopsy is often obtained first given its ease of procedure, low cost, and low morbidity.

Endometrial Carcinoma as the Presenting Malignancy in a Teenager With a Pathogenic TP53 Germline Mutation: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Patients with germline TP53 mutations are characterized by the occurrence of multiple early-onset malignancies. The characteristic syndrome is Li-Fraumeni syndrome (OMIM # 151623), an autosomal dominant disorder typified by premenopausal breast carcinoma, adrenal cortical tumors, bone and soft tissue sarcomas, leukemias, and tumors of the brain and spinal cord. Gynecologic malignancies are uncommonly reported in families harboring TP53 mutations, and the predominant tumor type reported is ovarian.

Maternal respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is associated with a robust inflammatory response at the maternal-fetal interface.

Background: Pregnant women are at increased risk for severe outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the pathophysiology underlying this increased morbidity and its potential effect on the developing fetus is not well understood.

Methods: We assessed placental histology, ACE2 expression, and viral and immune dynamics at the term placenta in pregnant women with and without respiratory severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Findings: The majority (13 of 15) of placentas analyzed had no detectable viral RNA.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is associated with robust inflammatory response at the maternal-fetal interface.

Pregnant women appear to be at increased risk for severe outcomes associated with COVID-19, but the pathophysiology underlying this increased morbidity and its potential impact on the developing fetus is not well understood. In this study of pregnant women with and without COVID-19, we assessed viral and immune dynamics at the placenta during maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Amongst uninfected women, ACE2 was detected by immunohistochemistry in syncytiotrophoblast cells of the normal placenta during early pregnancy but was rarely seen in healthy placentas at full term.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Inflammation Shows Morphologic Similarities to, but Is Immunologically Distinct From, Helicobacter pylori Gastritis and Celiac Disease.

Context.—: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapies are associated with multi-organ immune-related adverse events. Although colonic mucosal changes have been described, inflammatory changes incited by CPIs in the upper gastrointestinal tract have not been well characterized.

Multimodality Imaging Approach to Ovarian Neoplasms with Pathologic Correlation.

Ovarian neoplasms can be categorized on the basis of histopathologic features into epithelial surface cell tumors, germ cell tumors, sex cord-stromal tumors, and metastases. While their imaging appearance is often nonspecific, it closely parallels the gross pathologic appearance, and radiologic-pathologic correlation is helpful to aid in a deeper understanding of the subtypes. Epithelial cell neoplasms are the most common category, and they can be benign, borderline, or malignant.

ALCL by any other name: the many facets of anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) encompass a group of CD30(+) non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphomas. While the different subtypes of ALCLs may share overlapping clinical patient demographics as well as histological and immunohistochemical phenotypes, these tumours can drastically differ in clinical behaviour and genetic profiles. Currently, four distinct ALCL entities are recognised in the 2016 WHO classification: anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)(+), ALK(-), primary cutaneous and breast implant-associated.

Angiomatosis of the breast: a clinicopathological and immunophenotypical characterisation of seven cases.

Aims: Mammary angiomatosis is a rare, benign vascular lesion that morphologically mimics low-grade angiosarcoma (LGAS). To date, only occasional reports of this entity have been published, none of which included analysis by immunohistochemistry. The purpose of this study was to further characterise mammary angiomatosis by clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical means while emphasising distinguishing features from LGAS.

Hot Spot and Whole-Tumor Enumeration of CD8 Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Utilizing Digital Image Analysis Is Prognostic in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Background: CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have emerged as a prognostic indicator in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). There is debate surrounding the prognostic value of hot spots for CD8 TIL enumeration.

Methods: We compared hot spot versus whole-tumor CD8 TIL enumeration in prognosticating TNBC using immunohistochemistry on whole tissue sections and quantification by digital image analysis (Halo imaging analysis software; Indica Labs, Corrales, NM).

Folate Receptor Alpha Expression Is Associated With Increased Risk of Recurrence in Triple-negative Breast Cancer.

Background: Folate receptor alpha (FOLR1) has been identified as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in breast cancer. The limited studies evaluating the role of FOLR1 in breast cancer have shown that FOLR1 protein expression is enriched in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and associated with poor prognosis in all breast cancer types. Newly developed anti-FOLR1 therapy could potentially be used in patients with TNBC for whom few therapeutic options exist.