Impact of Mn/Co substitution on magnetoelectric and structural properties of ZnO nanostructures thin films.

This work investigates the impact of Mn and Co doping on the structural, morphological, electrical, and magnetic properties of ZnO thin films deposited via DC magnetron co-sputtering. Doping concentration, substrate temperature, and substrate type (soda-lime glass and oriented silicon wafer) were systematically varied for potential spintronic applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure with a preferential [002] growth orientation when Mn was incorporated into the ZnO matrix.