New perspectives on the taste mechanisms of umami and bitter peptides in low-salt fermented fish sauce based on peptidomics, molecular docking and molecular dynamics.

Umami and bitter peptides generated by microbial metabolism are essential to the taste of low-salt fish sauce. However, the uncertain taste mechanisms of peptides hinder the efficient identification of high-intensity taste peptides in fish sauce. Our study investigated the taste mechanisms of umami or bitter peptides from low-salt fish sauce fermented with .

Highly Adhesive ZJ316: Structural Insights of Lipoteichoic Acid and Its Anti-Inflammatory Properties.

Lactic acid bacteria are widely recognized for their probiotic properties, and their adhesion to the gastrointestinal tract is a prerequisite for their probiotic functions. This investigation aimed to screen a highly adherent strain and explore the impact of its surface lipoteichoic acid (LTA) on strain adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and the immunomodulatory activity. Results demonstrated that ZJ316 exhibited remarkable surface properties and superior adhesion to enterocytes, and the fluorescent labeling revealed that ZJ316 predominantly adhered to the cecum in mice.

Antimicrobial Peptides: Classification, Mechanism, and Application in Plant Disease Resistance.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of alkaline, small molecules found widely in nature. This article surveys the classifications of AMPs, delving into their modes of action and their role in controlling significant plant diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It also explores the prospects and challenges in this field, aiming to provide insights for enhancing crop disease resistance, ensuring food security, deepening the understanding of pathogen mechanisms, and protecting ecological balance.

The efficacy of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The efficacy of sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate SGLT-2 inhibitors efficacy for NAFLD treatment. We systematically searched major electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase) from inception until 11/2023, identifying randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of SGLT-2 inhibitors treatment for patients with NAFLD.

Berberine Improves Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Obese Mice through the Reduction of IRE1/GSK-3β Axis-Mediated Inflammation.

Introduction: Berberine (BBR) has the characteristics of repressing hyperglycemia, obesity, and inflammation, as well as improving insulin resistance. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully understood. This study explores whether BBR regulates inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) axis to resist obesity-associated inflammation, thereby improving glucolipid metabolism disorders.

The role of cGAS-STING signaling pathway in ferroptosis.

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway has been identified as a crucial mechanism in antiviral defense and innate immunity pathway. Ferroptosis, characterized by iron dependence and lipid peroxidation, represents a specialized form of cell death. A burgeoning collection of studies has demonstrated that the cGAS-STING signaling pathway participates in the homeostatic regulation of the organism by modulating ferroptosis-associated enzyme activity or gene expression.

A GDSL motif-containing lipase modulates Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance in Brassica napus.

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary is a devastating disease infecting hundreds of plant species. It also restricts the yield, quality, and safe production of rapeseed (Brassica napus) worldwide.

Research on Variable Parameter Color Image Encryption Based on Five-Dimensional Tri-Valued Memristor Chaotic System.

To construct a chaotic system with complex characteristics and to improve the security of image data, a five-dimensional tri-valued memristor chaotic system with high complexity is innovatively constructed. Firstly, a pressure-controlled tri-valued memristor on Liu's pseudo-four-wing chaotic system is introduced. Through analytical methods, such as Lyapunov exponential map, bifurcation map and attractor phase diagram, it is demonstrated that the new system has rich dynamical behaviors with periodic limit rings varying with the coupling parameter of the system, variable airfoil phenomenon as well as transient chaotic phenomenon of chaos-periodic depending on the system parameter and chaos-quasi-periodic depending on the memristor parameter.

Tanreqing injection inhibits stemness and enhances sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer models to gefitinib through ROS/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has emerged as a significant obstacle in managing patients with EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. Tanreqing injection (TRQ) is a kind of Chinese patent medicine known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties. Studies have shown a correlation between tumor drug resistance and enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs).

ALKBH4 impedes 5-FU Sensitivity through suppressing GSDME induced pyroptosis in gastric cancer.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the primary treatment option for advanced gastric cancer. However, the current challenge lies in the absence of validated biomarkers to accurately predict the efficacy and sensitivity of 5-FU in individual patients. It has been confirmed that 5-FU can regulate tumor progression by promoting gasdermin E (GSDME, encoded by DFNA5) cleavage to induce pyroptosis.

The most recent progress of baicalein in its anti-neoplastic effects and mechanisms.

Problems, such as toxic side effects and drug resistance of chemoradiotherapy, target therapy and immunotherapy accompanying the current anti-cancer treatments, have become bottlenecks limiting the clinical benefit for patients. Therefore, it is urgent to find promising anti-cancer strategies with higher efficacy and lesser side effects. Baicalein, a flavonoid component derived from the Chinese medicine scutellaria baicalensis, has been widely studied for its remarkable anti-cancer activity in multiple types of malignancies both at the molecular and cellular levels.

Gastrodin combined with electroacupuncture prevents the development of cerebral ischemia via rebalance of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and interleukin-6 in stroke model rats.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been used to treat various diseases, including cerebral ischemia. The specific molecular mechanism of TCM in the treatment of cerebral ischemia, however, is still unclear. This study investigated the effects of gastrodin, electroacupuncture and their combination on cerebral ischemic rats.

(+)-Borneol Protects Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss in Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-Induced Parkinson's Disease Mice: A Study of Dopamine Level using In Vivo Brain Microdialysis.

Considerable research efforts have been directed toward the symptom relief of Parkinson's disease (PD) by attenuating dopamine (DA) depletion. One common feature of these existing therapies is their unavailability of preventing the neurodegenerative process of dopaminergic neurons. (+)-Borneol, a natural highly lipid-soluble bicyclic monoterpene, has been reported to regulate the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the central nervous system and exhibit neuroprotective effects.

Saracatinib prompts hemin-induced K562 erythroid differentiation but suppresses erythropoiesis of hematopoietic stem cells.

Human myeloid leukemia cells (such as K562) could be used for the study of erythropoiesis, and mature erythroid markers and globins could be induced during leukemia cell differentiation; however, the pathways involved are different compared with those of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).We identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of K562 cells and HSCs associated with stem cells and erythroid differentiation. Furthermore, we showed that hemin-induced differentiation of K562 cells could be induced by serum starvation or treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor saracatinib.

Molecular docking, 3D-QASR and molecular dynamics simulations of benzimidazole Pin1 inhibitors.

Pin1 (protein interacting with never-in-mitosis akinase-1) is a member of the family of peptidylprolyl - isomerases (PPIases) that specifically recognize and isomerize substrates containing phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro sequences. Pin1 is involved in many cellular processes and plays a key role in the cell cycle, transcriptional regulation, cell metabolism, proliferation and differentiation, and its abnormalities lead to degenerative and neoplastic diseases. Pin1 is highly expressed in human cancers and promotes the development of tumors by activating multiple oncogenes and inactivating multiple tumor suppressor genes, making it an attractive target for cancer therapy.

Xie-Bai-San increases NSCLC cells sensitivity to gefitinib by inhibiting Beclin-1 mediated autophagosome formation.

Background: Autophagy, a cellular process involving lysosomal self-digestion, plays a crucial role in recycling biomolecules and degrading dysfunctional proteins and damaged organelles. However, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), cancer cells can exploit autophagy to survive metabolic stress and develop resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), which reduce treatment efficacies. Currently, most studies have found that late-stage autophagy inhibitors can hinder EGFR-TKIs resistance, while research on early-stage autophagy inhibitors is still limited.

Role of anthraquinones in combating insulin resistance.

Insulin resistance presents a formidable public health challenge that is intricately linked to the onset and progression of various chronic ailments, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. Effectively addressing insulin resistance is paramount in preventing and managing these metabolic disorders. Natural herbal remedies show promise in combating insulin resistance, with anthraquinone extracts garnering attention for their role in enhancing insulin sensitivity and treating diabetes.

Tumor Targeted Cuprous-Based Nanocomposite as Responsive Cascade Nanocatalyst for Efficient Tumor Synergistic Therapy.

The single-functionality of traditional chemodynamic therapy (CDT) reagents usually limits the therapeutic efficacy of cancer treatment. Synergistic nanocomposites that involve cascade reaction provide a promising strategy to achieve satisfactory anticancer effects. Herein, a cuprous-based nanocomposite (CCS@GOx@HA) is fabricated, which owns the tumor targeting ability and can undergo tumor microenvironment responsive cascade reaction to enhance the tumor therapeutic efficiency significantly.

Causal relationships between circulating inflammatory cytokines and diffuse large B cell lymphoma: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Studies indicated that inflammatory cytokines involved in the occurrence and progression of DLBCL and it is challenging to discern causality from the effects due to the presence of feedback loops. We conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the potential causal relationship between DLBCL and inflammatory cytokines.

Circulating Concentrations of advanced Glycation end Products, Carboxymethyl Lysine and Methylglyoxal are Associated With Renal Function in Individuals With Diabetes.

Objective: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most severe chronic complications of diabetes and is associated with higher level of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic potential of combined detection of multiple serum AGEs in diagnosing DKD.

Methods: Serum AGEs, N-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML), N-(carboxyethyl) lysine, and methylglyoxal (MGO) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 176 individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Safety of entecavir antiviral therapyduring an accidental pregnancy in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of accidental pregnancy CHB patients' reproductive age on their offspring during entecavir (ETV) antiviral therapy. A total of 112 couples were retrospectively enrolled, and they were divided into an observational and control group. A total of 53 couples who had accidental pregnancies while receiving long-term ETV antiviral medication were recruited for the observational group.

The complete chloroplast genome sequences of four Liparis species (Orchidaceae) and phylogenetic implications.

Liparis Richard (Malaxideae, Epidendroideae) is a large and diverse genus of the family Orchidaceae, the taxonomy of which is complicated and controversial. In this study, we sequenced, assembled and analyzed four complete chloroplast genomes of Liparis species including L. kumokiri, L.