Human adult neurogenesis loss corresponds with cognitive decline during epilepsy progression.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is a syndromic disorder presenting with seizures and cognitive comorbidities. Although seizure etiology is increasingly understood, the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to cognitive decline and epilepsy progression remain less recognized. We have previously shown that adult hippocampal neurogenesis dramatically declines in MTLE patients with increased disease duration.

Use of the Spanish English Neuropsychological Assessment Scale in older adult Latines and those at risk for autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: The Spanish English Neuropsychological Assessment Scale (SENAS) is a cognitive battery with English and Spanish versions for use with persons for whom either language is predominant. Few studies have examined its utility outside the normative sample. The current study examined SENAS performance in samples of older adult Latines and Latines with or at risk for autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) mutations.

Retinal perfusion is linked to cognition and brain MRI biomarkers in Black Americans.

Introduction: We investigated whether retinal capillary perfusion is a biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease and impaired cognition among Black Americans, an understudied group at higher risk for dementia.

Methods: We enrolled 96 Black Americans without known cognitive impairment. Four retinal perfusion measures were derived using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Emotion regulation expectancies and smoking cessation factors: A daily diary study of California adults who smoke cigarettes during a practice quit attempt.

Significance: Cross-sectional studies have shown that greater cigarette smoking-related emotion regulation expectancies were associated with retrospectively reported withdrawal during prior quit attempts and greater barriers to cessation. Few studies have investigated the relationship of within-person daily emotion regulation expectancies to factors related to initiating and maintaining a brief quit attempt.

Methods: People living in California who smoked cigarettes daily (n = 220, 50 % female; 48.

Effects of cigarette abstinence on negative and positive affect by depression symptom levels: A lab study.

Background: High negative affect and low positive affect are key depression-related states that may be greater following acute tobacco abstinence. This study aimed to test associations between depression symptom levels and acute tobacco abstinence with negative affect and positive affect.

Methods: Following a baseline session, participants attended two counterbalanced laboratory sessions (non-abstinent, abstinent) and completed measures of positive and negative affect at rest (i.

Association of depression symptom level with smoking urges, cigarette withdrawal, and smoking reinstatement: A preliminary laboratory study.

Background: Cigarette smoking urges, withdrawal, and smoking reinstatement may be especially relevant to people with elevated depression symptoms who smoke. This laboratory study aimed to assess relations between depression symptom level and smoking urges for reward and relief, cigarette withdrawal, and smoking reinstatement in people who smoke cigarettes daily during acute abstinence and while smoking as usual.

Methods: Participants with low (n = 51) or elevated (n = 29) baseline depression symptoms underwent two counterbalanced laboratory sessions (i.

Anhedonia in tobacco withdrawal among African-American smokers.

Anhedonia-diminished interest and pleasure in response to rewards-may be a symptom of tobacco withdrawal that is understudied in priority populations. This experiment investigated the magnitude and correlates of various dimensions of anhedonia during tobacco withdrawal among African-American (AA) smokers-a population subject to health disparities. AA smokers ( = 607; ≥ 10 cigarettes/day, 37.

Affect and subjective cognitive functioning by depression symptom levels during naturalistic cigarette smoking in premenopausal females who smoke daily.

High negative affect, low positive affect, and low cognitive functioning are depression-related states that may be particularly relevant to females who smoke cigarettes and may be more prominent following overnight tobacco abstinence. This study aimed to assess relations between depression symptom levels and negative affect, positive affect, and subjective cognitive functioning in premenopausal females who smoke. Premenopausal females who smoke daily with low ( = 66) or elevated ( = 33) baseline depression symptoms completed subjective ratings of negative affect, positive affect, and cognitive functioning pre-first cigarette (i.

Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Measured by 3D PCASL as Biomarker of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID) in a Cohort of Elderly Latinx Subjects at Risk of Small Vessel Disease.

Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) affects arterioles, capillaries, and venules and can lead to cognitive impairments and clinical symptomatology of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). VCID symptoms are similar to Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the neurophysiologic alterations are less well studied, resulting in no established biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured by 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) as a potential biomarker of VCID in a cohort of elderly Latinx subjects at risk of cSVD.

MarkVCID cerebral small vessel consortium: I. Enrollment, clinical, fluid protocols.

The concept of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) derives from more than two decades of research indicating that (1) most older individuals with cognitive impairment have post mortem evidence of multiple contributing pathologies and (2) along with the preeminent role of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, cerebrovascular disease accounts for a substantial proportion of this contribution. Contributing cerebrovascular processes include both overt strokes caused by etiologies such as large vessel occlusion, cardioembolism, and embolic infarcts of unknown source, and frequently asymptomatic brain injuries caused by diseases of the small cerebral vessels. Cerebral small vessel diseases such as arteriolosclerosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, when present at moderate or greater pathologic severity, are independently associated with worse cognitive performance and greater likelihood of dementia, particularly in combination with AD and other neurodegenerative pathologies.

Lower retinal capillary density in minimal cognitive impairment among older Latinx adults.

Introduction: We investigated the hypothesis that retinal capillary perfusion is a biomarker of early cognitive decline and cerebrovascular perfusion associated with small vessel disease in a pilot data set of Latinx adults at high risk for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia.

Methods: High-resolution optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were acquired from dilated eyes of Latinx subjects using a 3 × 3 mm scan pattern from a commercially available device. A previously validated method was used to quantify the density of perfused retinal capillaries as the retinal vessel skeleton density (VSD).

Brain delivery of supplemental docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background: Past clinical trials of docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) supplements for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia have used lower doses and have been largely negative. We hypothesized that larger doses of DHA are needed for adequate brain bioavailability and that APOE4 is associated with reduced delivery of DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to the brain before the onset of cognitive impairment.

Methods: 33 individuals were provided with a vitamin B complex (1 mg vitamin B12, 100 mg of vitamin B6 and 800 mcg of folic acid per day) and randomized to 2,152 mg of DHA per day or placebo over 6 months.

Cerebroarterial pulsatility and resistivity indices are associated with cognitive impairment and white matter hyperintensity in elderly subjects: A phase-contrast MRI study.

Increased cerebroarterial pulsations are thought to be contributing factors in microvascular damage and cognitive impairment. In this study, we assessed the utility of two-dimensional (2D) phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) in quantifying cerebroarterial pulsations and evaluated the associations of pulsatile and non-pulsatile hemodynamic measures with cognitive performance and white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Neurocognitive assessments on 50 elderly subjects were performed using clinical dementia rating (CDR) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA).

APOE4 leads to blood-brain barrier dysfunction predicting cognitive decline.

Vascular contributions to dementia and Alzheimer's disease are increasingly recognized. Recent studies have suggested that breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an early biomarker of human cognitive dysfunction, including the early clinical stages of Alzheimer's disease. The E4 variant of apolipoprotein E (APOE4), the main susceptibility gene for Alzheimer's disease, leads to accelerated breakdown of the BBB and degeneration of brain capillary pericytes, which maintain BBB integrity.

Effectiveness of transdermal nicotine patch in premenopausal female smokers is moderated by within-subject severity of negative affect and physical symptoms.

Rationale: Nicotine patches may be less effective in female compared with male smokers. However, it is unknown if negative affect and physical symptoms influence transdermal nicotine patch-related effects on smoking behaviors.

Methods: Eighty-one acutely tobacco-abstinent premenopausal female smokers attended three counter-balanced experimental sessions across the menstrual cycle (early follicular, late follicular, and mid-luteal) and were randomized to patch condition (nicotine [21 mg] vs.

Undetectable gadolinium brain retention in individuals with an age-dependent blood-brain barrier breakdown in the hippocampus and mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is an early independent biomarker of human cognitive dysfunction, as found using gadolinium (Gd) as a contrast agent. Whether Gd accumulates in brains of individuals with an age-dependent BBB breakdown and/or mild cognitive impairment remains unclear.

Methods: We analyzed T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from 52 older participants with BBB breakdown in the hippocampus 19-28 months after either cyclic or linear Gd agent.

Blood-brain barrier breakdown is an early biomarker of human cognitive dysfunction.

Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment are increasingly recognized as shown by neuropathological, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker studies. Moreover, small vessel disease of the brain has been estimated to contribute to approximately 50% of all dementias worldwide, including those caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vascular changes in AD have been typically attributed to the vasoactive and/or vasculotoxic effects of amyloid-β (Aβ), and more recently tau.

Mapping water exchange across the blood-brain barrier using 3D diffusion-prepared arterial spin labeled perfusion MRI.

Purpose: To present a novel MR pulse sequence and modeling algorithm to quantify the water exchange rate (k ) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) without contrast, and to evaluate its clinical utility in a cohort of elderly subjects at risk of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD).

Methods: A diffusion preparation module with spoiling of non-Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill signals was integrated with pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) and 3D gradient and spin echo (GRASE) readout. The tissue/capillary fraction of the arterial spin labeling (ASL) signal was separated by appropriate diffusion weighting (b = 50 s/mm ).

Assessment of the Hispanic Cognitively Impaired Elderly Patient.

Hispanics are the largest minority group in the United States, approximately 7% of the population older than 65. They often encounter challenges related to health care access and quality of care. The prevalence of dementia among Hispanics is higher than that of non-Hispanic whites and they frequently present at a more advanced stage of illness.

Body image predicts quality of life in men with prostate cancer.

Objective: Most men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the USA will survive. Of the many aspects of survivorship affected by prostate cancer, body image receives limited attention despite some indication that it may be important to men with the disease. The present study investigated how body image changes over time and the relations between changes in body image and quality of life (QOL) in men with prostate cancer.

Psychosocial adjustment among low-income Latina cervical cancer patients.

Cancer-related coping strategies and social support, life stress, and optimism were tested in regression analyses as predictors of depression, affect, and quality of life among 54 low-income, immigrant Latina cervical cancer patients. Sixty-seven percent of the patients endorsed symptoms similar to diagnosable depression. Predictors significantly accounted for 35% to 54% of the variance in outcomes.

Evidence against a link between hyperemesis gravidarum and personality characteristics from an ethnically diverse sample of pregnant women: a pilot study.

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), a pregnancy-related condition marked by extreme nausea and vomiting, has been considered a psychosomatic illness associated with long-standing personality characteristics (e.g., hysteria).

The psychological and emotional fallout of cancer and its treatment.

We review the literature on psychosocial and emotional adjustment for individuals who have survived cancer for at least 5 years and who have not experienced recurrences of the disease. Most long-term survivors experience low levels of distress and report overall emotional adjustment that is comparable with age-matched comparisons who never had a cancer diagnosis. However, survivors frequently have circumscribed areas of persistent difficulties, including fears of recurrence and psychological reactions to the physical dysfunction and disfigurement caused by some treatments.