Antibiotic use in cirrhotic children with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A retrospective study using the pediatric health information system (PHIS) database.

Prior studies have demonstrated positive impacts of antibiotic use on reducing mortality, rebleeding events, and length of hospitalization in adult cirrhotic patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). We aimed to investigate the use of antibiotics in cirrhotic children with acute UGIB and its impact on patient outcomes.This was a retrospective study using the Pediatric Health Information System database.

Use of Pediatric Health Information System database to study the trends in the incidence, management, etiology, and outcomes due to pediatric acute liver failure in the United States from 2008 to 2013.

Data were collected of children admitted with ALF to 16 US pediatric liver transplant centers from 2008 to 2013 using the PHIS for a retrospective analysis of PALF trends. Patient data linked to the principal diagnosis code for acute necrosis of the liver (570.00) were analyzed for the following: demographics, regional differences, changes over time, pharmaceutical trends, procedural trends, associated diagnoses, and patient outcomes.