Lactobacillus acidophilus YL01 and its exopolysaccharides ameliorate obesity and insulin resistance in obese mice via modulating intestinal specific bacterial groups and AMPK/ACC signaling pathway.

Probiotics intervention by Lactobacillus acidophilus has potential effect on alleviating obesity and insulin resistance. However, the limited knowledge of functional substances and potential regulatory mechanisms hinder their widespread application. Herein, L.

Progress of research into microglial mediation of central post-stroke pain.

Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is a chronic neuropathic pain syndrome that commonly occurs after cerebral stroke, and it severely impairs the daily activities of stroke patients. A number of fundamental and clinical studies support the theory that CPSP is mainly caused by ischemic and hemorrhagic injury of the spinal-thalamic-cortical neural pathway. However, the underlying reasons of CPSP genesis and development are far from clear.

GPNMB attenuates neuroinflammation and improves ischemic stroke via modulation of PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.

Background: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, with limited effective treatments. Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of ischemic brain injury. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) has emerged as a potential regulator of inflammation, but its role and underlying mechanisms in ischemic stroke remain largely unknown.

Association between school bullying type and the risk of eating disorders among Chinese college students: the mediating role of body dissatisfaction.

Background: The link between school bullying and eating disorders is a complex issue that is poorly understood globally, and is further complicated by the distinct cultural nuances within China. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating the association between different types of bullying and the risk of eating disorders among college students in Shantou City, China. Additionally, this study explores the mediating role of body dissatisfaction in the relationships between bullying roles and the risk of eating disorders.

Association of child maltreatment and school bullying among Chinese adolescents: the mediating role of peer relationships.

Background: School bullying, a serious problem for the physical and mental health of adolescents, is presently a significant issue in China. It is essential to recognize and comprehend potential risk factors and establish efficient preventive strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between childhood maltreatment and school bullying in adolescents and to assess the mediating role of peer relationships.

MOVER tests for non-inferiority of the difference between two binary-outcome treatments in the matched-pairs design.

A non-inferiority trial is usually conducted to investigate whether a new drug/treatment is no worse than a reference drug/treatment by a small, pre-specified, non-inferiority margin. This study aimed to assess the non-inferiority of the difference between two binary-outcome treatments in a matched-pairs design based on the method of variance of estimates recovery (MOVER). The processes for estimating the confidence interval of a single proportion included in the MOVER are the Wilson score interval, Agresti - Coull interval, Jeffreys interval, modified Jeffreys interval, score method with continuity correction, and arcsin interval.

Temporal modulation of inflammation and chondrogenesis through dendritic nanoparticle-mediated therapy with diclofenac surface modification and strontium ion encapsulation.

Cartilage tissue engineering holds great promise for efficient cartilage regeneration. However, early inflammatory reactions to seed cells and/or scaffolds impede this process. Consequently, managing inflammation is of paramount importance.

Association between Body Mass Index and Externalizing and Internalizing Symptoms among Chinese Adolescents: Mediating Role of Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying Victimization.

Background: Externalizing problems, internalizing problems, and obesity are among the greatest challenges to adolescent health. However, the moderating and mediating mechanisms that underlie this association remain predominantly unexplored.

Objectives: In this study, we examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and externalizing and internalizing scores in adolescents, tested whether traditional bullying and cyberbullying mediated the association, and explored the moderated role of sex.

The Notch-PDGFRβ axis suppresses brown adipocyte progenitor differentiation in early post-natal mice.

De novo brown adipogenesis holds potential in combating the epidemics of obesity and diabetes. However, the identity of brown adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) and their regulation have not been extensively explored. Here, through in vivo lineage tracing and mouse modeling, we observed that platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ)+ pericytes give rise to developmental brown adipocytes but not to those in adult homeostasis.

Structures and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from spp.

The fungus genus is an important source of drug discoveries in scientific fields and in the pharmaceutical industry due to its potential to produce a variety of structured novel and bioactive secondary metabolites. This review prioritizes the structures of the secondary metabolites of spp. from 1994 to January 2024 and their relevant biological activities.

The clinical outcome of COVID-19 is strongly associated with microbiome dynamics in the upper respiratory tract.

Objectives: The respiratory tract is the portal of entry for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although a variety of respiratory pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2 have been associated with severe cases of COVID-19 disease, the dynamics of the upper respiratory microbiota during disease the course of disease, and how they impact disease manifestation, remain uncertain.

Methods: We collected 349 longitudinal upper respiratory samples from a cohort of 65 COVID-19 patients (cohort 1), 28 samples from 28 recovered COVID-19 patients (cohort 2), and 59 samples from 59 healthy controls (cohort 3).

Correlation between symptoms and cognitive function changes in patients with primary insomnia and pathways in gut microbiota.

Background: Primary insomnia (PI) refers to syndromes of difficulty falling asleep, poor sleep quality, early awakening, and difficulty falling asleep after waking up. Although there have been numerous studies, the specific etiology and pathogenesis of PI are still misunderstanding. In recent years, the gut microbiota has been proved to be involved in the metabolism of many mental disorders.

Diabetes distress as mediators of loneliness and health promotion behaviour: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore whether diabetes distress mediated the relationship between loneliness and health promotion in older adults with diabetes.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Setting: The study was conducted at three tertiary hospitals in Changsha, Hunan Province, China.

Hippocampal subfield volumes in mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The hippocampus is a complex structure that consists of several subfields with distinct and specialized functions. Although numerous studies have been performed to explore hippocampal atrophy at the sub-regional level in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), the results have been inconsistent especially for whether and which subfields can be served as the most potential biomarkers in MCI and AD. Herein, we used a meta-analytic approach to synthesize the extant literatures on hippocampal subfields in MCI and AD through PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase (PROSPERO CRD42021257586).

The role of the symbiotic microecosystem in cancer: gut microbiota, metabolome, and host immunome.

The gut microbiota is not just a simple nutritional symbiosis that parasitizes the host; it is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that coevolves actively with the host and is involved in a variety of biological activities such as circadian rhythm regulation, energy metabolism, and immune response. The development of the immune system and immunological functions are significantly influenced by the interaction between the host and the microbiota. The interactions between gut microbiota and cancer are of a complex nature.

Mechanism of action of buckwheat quercetin in regulating lipid metabolism and intestinal flora via Toll-like receptor 4 or nuclear factor κB pathway in rats on a high-fat diet.

Objectives: Buckwheat quercetin (QUE) was used as a dietary supplement to investigate the mechanism of QUE on the regulation of lipid metabolism and intestinal flora in hyperlipidemic rats.

Methods: Here, using a high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia model, the intervention was carried out by gavage of QUE at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. Serum lipid levels, liver biochemical parameters, and histopathologic changes in the liver and intestinal microorganisms were measured in rats by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hematoxylin-eosin, and high-throughput sequencing, respectively.

Analysis of Lung Microbiome in COVID-19 Patients during Time of Hospitalization.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the pathogenic agent of the rapidly spreading pneumonia called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), primarily infects the respiratory and digestive tract. Several studies have indicated the alterations of the bacterial microbiome in the lower respiratory tract during viral infection. However, both bacterial and fungal microbiota in the lung of COVID-19 patients remained to be explored.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome triggered by FLOT (5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, docetaxel, and calcium levofolinate) chemotherapy and thrombocytopenia (docetaxel and cisplatin) chemotherapy.

Introduction: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a clinical and imaging syndrome characterized by endothelial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption, and vasogenic edema. The common clinical symptoms of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome include headache, altered consciousness, visual disturbances, and seizures, among which headache and seizures are the most common. The classic imaging patterns usually reveal vasogenic edema.

[Advances in genomics of multi-drug resistant ].

species are non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria that are widely distributed in environment and are highly resistant to numerous antibiotics. Thus, serves as a reservoir of genes encoding antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The detection rate of is rapidly increasing alongside their strengthening intrinsic ability to tolerate a variety of clinical antibiotics.

Macrophage metabolic reprogramming and atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment: Fostering each other?

Macrophages are the central immune cells in atherosclerosis (AS) and play a critical role in the initiation, progression and invasion of atherosclerotic plaques. Metabolic reprogramming is a crucial feature that determines macrophage function and is driven by a combination of intrinsic alterations in macrophages and extrinsic factors such as cytokines acting in the plaque microenvironment. Intrinsic macrophage mechanisms activate signal transduction pathways that change metabolic enzyme activity, and the expression of metabolic regulators.

Encapsulation of Paraffin Phase-Change Materials within Monolithic MTMS-Based Silica Aerogels.

To address the leakage issue of paraffin phase-change materials in thermal management, a monolithic MTMS-based silica aerogel (MSA) is employed to encapsulate paraffin through a facile impregnation process. We find that the paraffin and MSA form a physical combination, with little interaction occurring between them. The prepared no-leakage paraffin/MSA composites have a density of 0.

Analysis of Risky Riding Behavior Characteristics of the Related Road Traffic Injuries of Electric Bicycle Riders.

Electric bicycle (EB) riders, being vulnerable road users (VRUs), are increasingly becoming victims of road traffic injuries (RTIs). This study aimed to determine the current status and epidemiological characteristics of RTIs among EB riders through a questionnaire survey and roadside observations in Shantou to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of electric bicycle road traffic injuries (ERTIs). A total of 2412 EB riders were surveyed, and 34,554 cyclists were observed in the study.

Effect of Coal Mining on Soil Microorganisms from Rhizosphere in Typical Grassland.

The environmental changes caused by coal mining activities caused disturbances to the plant, soil, and microbial health in the mining area. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role in the ecological restoration of mining areas. However, it is less understood how soil fungal communities with multiple functional groups respond to coal mining, and the quantitative impact and risk of mining disturbance.

A Cross-Sectional Survey of Different Types of School Bullying before and during COVID-19 in Shantou City, China.

Background: Since the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has had serious wide-ranging effects on academic, occupational and other daily activities. Like other types of institutions, schools are facing unprecedented challenges. Students may face a variety of adverse consequences, including sleep disturbances and school bullying, if they are unable to adjust to the current learning and living environment.

Non-targeted metabolomics and microbial analyses of the impact of oat antimicrobial peptides on rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced enteritis.

To study the prevention and mechanism of oat antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on enteritis. Oat protein was hydrolyzed by alkaline protease and isolated to obtain oat antimicrobial peptides. Rat enteritis models were constructed using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and a blank group, a negative control group, a positive control group, and an experimental group (low dose, medium dose, and high dose) were established.