Rapid identification and on-site analysis by miniature mass spectrometry of chemical markers for fragrant rosewood authentication.

Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen (Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum, DOL), renowned for its therapeutic applications in traditional Chinese medicine and its value in crafting luxury items, faces challenges due to the slow heartwood formation process and subsequent market adulteration. The proliferation of counterfeit products necessitates reliable methods for rapid, on-site authentication.

Rapid analysis of bioactive compounds from citrus samples by direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics.

Renowned for their nutritional benefits, citrus fruits are harvested at various stages in China for functional food production. This study introduces an innovative analytical method, DART-MS, enabling direct qualitative analysis of citrus samples without the need for preprocessing. Simultaneously, the combination of chemometrics can be applied to distinguish between three different citrus samples: , , and "Chachi".

Borneol acts as an adjuvant agent to enhance the oral absorption of Panax notoginseng saponins in rats: Effect of optical configuration and compatibility ratios.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), as the main active component of Panax notoginseng, shows broad pharmacological effects but with low oral bioavailability. Borneol (BO) is commonly used as an adjuvant drug in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been proven to facilitate the absorption of ginsenosides such as Rg1 and Rb1 in vivo. The presence of chiral carbons has resulted in three optical isomers of BO commercially available in the market, all of which are documented by national standards.

A versatile economic strategy by HPLC-CAD for quantification of structurally diverse markers in quality control of Shengmai Formula from raw materials to preparations.

Background: Shengmai Formula (SMF), a classic formula in treating Qi-Yin deficiency, is composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra (GRR), Ophiopogon Radix (OR), and Schisandra chinensis Fructus (SC), and has been developed into various dosage forms including Shengmai Yin Oral Liquid (SMY), Shengmai Capsules (SMC), and Shengmai Injection (SMI). The pharmacological effects of compound Chinese medicine are attributed to the integration of multiple components. Yet the quality criteria of SMF are limited to monitoring schisandrol A or ginsenosides Rg1 and Re, but none for OR.

Rare ginsenosides: A unique perspective of ginseng research.

Background: Rare ginsenosides (Rg3, Rh2, C-K, etc.) refer to a group of dammarane triterpenoids that exist in low natural abundance, mostly produced by deglycosylation or side chain modification via physicochemical processing or metabolic transformation in gut, and last but not least, exhibited potent biological activity comparing to the primary ginsenosides, which lead to a high concern in both the research and development of ginseng and ginsenoside-related nutraceutical and natural products. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review on these promising compounds is not available yet.

An innovative processing driven efficient transformation of rare ginsenosides enhances anti-platelet aggregation potency of notoginseng by integrated analyses of processing-(chemical) profiling-pharmacodynamics.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H.

[New method for green extraction of ginsenosides based on mechanochemically-assisted extraction and deep eutectic solvents].

Ginsenosides are the main active ingredients in ginseng. Studies have shown that ginsenosides have anti-virus, anti-tumor, anti-aging, nootropic, cardiovascular diseases-protecting, and other pharmacological activities. Thus, the development and utilization of ginsenosides have persistently attracted much attention.

Mass spectrometry-based profiling and imaging strategy, a fit-for-purpose tool for unveiling the transformations of ginsenosides in Panax notoginseng during processing.

Background: Panax notoginseng, a valuable medicinal plant, is traditionally used to treat trauma, body pain, and cardiovascular diseases in two clinical forms including raw (crude) and processed form. Processing-triggered compound transformation is responsible for the distinct bioactivity between raw and processed Panax notoginseng. Nevertheless, investigating the chemical diversity and dynamic transformation pattern of processed Panax notoginseng is challenging.

Limonoids From the Genus (Meliaceae): Phytochemistry, Synthesis, Bioactivities, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicology.

Limonoids, as the vital bioactive chemical compounds in genus plants, have attracted significant attention owing to their exclusive structural characteristics and remarkable biological activity. These compounds can be usually classified into two categories, including the ring-intact group and the ring-C-seco group. Benefiting from the development of separation and analysis technology, more than 200 limonoids have been isolated and identified from this genus.

Quality assessment of Fritillariae cirrhosae using portable NIR spectrometer.

This paper mainly focuses on the feasibility of rapidly identifying Fritillariae cirrhosae varieties, distinguishing its authenticity and detecting its components by using a portable near infrared (NIR) spectrometer. Five different varieties of Fritillariae cirrhosae, five common counterfeits and two main components (ethanol-soluble extractives and total alkaloids) were studied. The reference values of ethanol-soluble extractives were determined by hot dip method and the reference value of total alkaloid was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis).

Natural Medicines for the Treatment of Epilepsy: Bioactive Components, Pharmacology and Mechanism.

Epilepsy is a chronic disease that can cause temporary brain dysfunction as a result of sudden abnormal discharge of the brain neurons. The seizure mechanism of epilepsy is closely related to the neurotransmitter imbalance, synaptic recombination, and glial cell proliferation. In addition, epileptic seizures can lead to mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and the disorder of sugar degradation.

HIF-1α is a Potential Molecular Target for Herbal Medicine to Treat Diseases.

HIF-1α is an important factor regulating oxygen balance in mammals, and its expression is closely related to various physiological and pathological conditions of the body. Because HIF-1α plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer and other diseases, it has become an enduring research hotspot. At the same time, natural medicines and traditional Chinese medicine compounds have amazing curative effects in various diseases related to HIF-1 subtype due to their unique pharmacological effects and more effective ingredients.

Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, separation and analysis technologies of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold: A comprehensive review.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold (E. alatus), a well-known medicinal plant, has been widely used thousands of years in China for the treatment of various diseases such as urticaria, dysmenorrhea, wound, dysentery, blood stasis, rheumatism and arthritis.

Traditional Chinese Medicine: Role in Reducing β-Amyloid, Apoptosis, Autophagy, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. The major characteristics of AD are amyloid β plaques, apoptosis, autophagy dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These are mostly used as the significant indicators for selecting the effects of potential drugs.

The Effect of Protein-Rich Extract from against Glutamate-Damaged PC12 Cells Via Regulating γ-Aminobutyric Acid Signaling Pathway.

(BB) is a known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) utilized to treat convulsions, epilepsy, cough, asthma, headaches, etc. in China for thousands of years. This study is aimed at investigating optimum extraction of protein-rich extracts from BB (BBPs) using response surface methodology (RSM) and exploring the protective effects of BBPs against nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced PC12 cells injured by glutamate (Glu) and their underlying mechanisms.

Presl: A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology.

Presl is a tropical aromatic evergreen tree of the Lauraceae family, commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is also a traditional spice, widely used around the world. This paper summarizes the achievements of modern research on , including the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology.

Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology of L.: A Review.

L. (Asteraceae) is a common and well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine usually named Cang-Er-Zi, and has been used for thousands of years in China. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the progress of modern research, and provide a systematic review on the traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of the .

GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase from Pogonatherum paniceum enhances salinity and drought tolerance of transgenic tobacco.

Pogonatherum paniceum is a highly drought- and salt-tolerant plant species that is typically used for ecological restoration and the conservation of soil and water in many countries. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant abiotic stress responses, especially to salinity and drought stresses, in species such as P. paniceum could be important to broader crop improvement efforts.

Identification of novel acyl-ACP thioesterase gene ClFATB1 from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum.

A putative fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-ACP) thioesterase (thioesterase) full-length cDNA sequence named as ClFATB1 was obtained from the seed cDNA library of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum by the SMART-RACE method. The novel gene encodes a protein of 382 amino acid residues with close homology to fatty acid thioesterase type B (FATB) enzymes of other plants, with two essential residues (His285 and Cys320) for thioesterase catalytic activity. The gene was transcribed in all tissues of C.

Genome-wide analysis reveals diversity of rice intronic miRNAs in sequence structure, biogenesis and function.

Intronic microRNAs (in-miRNAs) as a class of miRNA family that regulates gene expression are still poorly understood in plants. In this study, we systematically identified rice in-miRNAs by re-mining eight published small RNA-sequencing datasets of rice. Furthermore, based on the collected expression, annotation, and putative target data, we investigated the structures, potential functions, and expression features of these in-miRNAs and the expression patterns of their host genes.