Electrochemical selenium-catalyzed -amination of -aryloxyamides: access to polysubstituted aminophenols.

Aminophenols are a class of important compounds with various pharmacological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and antibacterial activities. Herein, we introduce a mild and efficient electrochemical selenium-catalyzed strategy to synthesize polysubstituted aminophenols. High atom efficiency and transition metal-free and oxidant-free conditions are the striking features of this protocol.

Three-Component Electrochemical Aminoselenation of 1,3-Dienes.

Azoles and organoselenium compounds are pharmacologically important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry and natural products. We developed an efficient regioselective electrochemical aminoselenation reaction of 1,3-dienes, azoles, and diselenide derivatives to access selenium-containing allylazoles skeletons. This protocol is more economical and environmentally friendly and features a broad substrate scope; pyrazole, triazole, and tetrazolium were all tolerated under the standard conditions, which could be applied to the expedient synthesis of bioactive molecules and in the pharmaceutical industry.

Proposal of an automated tumor-stromal ratio assessment algorithm and a nomogram for prognosis in early-stage invasive breast cancer.

Background: The tumor-stromal ratio (TSR) has been verified to be a prognostic factor in many solid tumors. In most studies, it was manually assessed on routinely stained H&E slides. This study aimed to assess the TSR using image analysis algorithms developed by the Qupath software, and integrate the TSR into a nomogram for prediction of the survival in invasive breast cancer (BC) patients.

Computerized Assessment of the Tumor-stromal Ratio and Proposal of a Novel Nomogram for Predicting Survival in Invasive Breast Cancer.

Various studies have verified the prognostic significance of the tumor-stromal ratio (TSR) in several types of carcinomas using manually assessed H&E stained histologic sections. This study aimed to establish a computerized method to assess the TSR in invasive breast cancer (BC) using immunohistochemistry (IHC)-stained tissue microarrays (TMAs), and integrate the TSR into a novel nomogram for predicting survival. IHC-staining of cytokeratin (CK) was performed in 7 prepared TMAs containing 240 patients with 480 invasive BC specimens.

Electrochemically Enabled Selenium Catalytic Synthesis of 2,1-Benzoxazoles from -Nitrophenylacetylenes.

The study reported an electrochemically mediated method for the preparation of 2,1-benzoxazoles from -nitrophenylacetylenes. Different from the traditional electrochemical reduction of nitro to nitroso, the nitro group directly underwent a cyclization reaction with the alkyne activated by selenium cation generated by the anodic oxidation of diphenyl diselenide and finally produced the desired products.

Patterns of Chest Wall Recurrence and Suggestions on the Clinical Target Volume of Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of 121 Postmastectomy Patients.

Purpose: Radiotherapy is a powerful strategy to prevent chest wall recurrence (CWR) of postmastectomy breast cancer (BC). This retrospective study aims at analyzing patterns of CWR to explore the delineation of clinical target volume.

Patients And Methods: Detailed clinicopathological information of postmastectomy BC patients with CWR was collected from our single cancer center based on clear criteria.

Prognostic Significance of the Tumor-Stromal Ratio in Invasive Breast Cancer and a Proposal of a New Ts-TNM Staging System.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that the tumor-stromal ratio (TSR) was an independent prognostic factor in several types of carcinomas. This study aimed at exploring the prognostic significance of the TSR in invasive breast cancer using immunohistochemistry (IHC)-stained tissue microarrays (TMAs) and integrating the TSR into the traditional tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system.

Methods: The prepared 7 TMAs containing 240 patients with 480 invasive BC specimens were stained with cytokeratin (CK) by the IHC staining method.

Computer-aided prognosis on breast cancer with hematoxylin and eosin histopathology images: A review.

With the advance of digital pathology, image analysis has begun to show its advantages in information analysis of hematoxylin and eosin histopathology images. Generally, histological features in hematoxylin and eosin images are measured to evaluate tumor grade and prognosis for breast cancer. This review summarized recent works in image analysis of hematoxylin and eosin histopathology images for breast cancer prognosis.

Efficacy, safety and administration timing of trastuzumab in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive breast cancer patients: A meta-analysis.

Trastuzumab has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) positive breast cancer (BC); however, inconsistent results with regards to the long-term survival benefits, safety and optimal administration timing of trastuzumab exist. The present meta-analysis investigated these inconsistencies in patients with HER-2 positive BC that received adjuvant or neoadjuvant trastuzumab. Computerized and manual searches were used to identify eligible randomized control trials (RCTs) to include in the analysis.

Quantum dots-based double imaging combined with organic dye imaging to establish an automatic computerized method for cancer Ki67 measurement.

As a widely used proliferative marker, Ki67 has important impacts on cancer prognosis, especially for breast cancer (BC). However, variations in analytical practice make it difficult for pathologists to manually measure Ki67 index. This study is to establish quantum dots (QDs)-based double imaging of nuclear Ki67 as red signal by QDs-655, cytoplasmic cytokeratin (CK) as yellow signal by QDs-585, and organic dye imaging of cell nucleus as blue signal by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and to develop a computer-aided automatic method for Ki67 index measurement.

Oral gastrografin radiography for the evaluation of the functional impact of peritoneal carcinomatosis: Correlation with clinicopathological findings.

This study was conducted to evaluate the functional impact of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) on the gastrointestinal system by oral gastrografin radiography (OGR). OGR was performed on 105 patients with PC from abdominal malignancies. The OGR characteristics were analyzed and compared with intraoperative observations.

Application of multispectral imaging in quantitative immunohistochemistry study of breast cancer: a comparative study.

Multispectral imaging (MSI) based on imaging and spectroscopy, as relatively novel to the field of histopathology, has been used in biomedical multidisciplinary researches. We analyzed and compared the utility of multispectral (MS) versus conventional red-green-blue (RGB) images for immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining to explore the advantages of MSI in clinical-pathological diagnosis. The MS images acquired of IHC-stained membranous marker human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), cytoplasmic marker cytokeratin5/6 (CK5/6), and nuclear marker estrogen receptor (ER) have higher resolution, stronger contrast, and more accurate segmentation than the RGB images.

Meta-analysis of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy without radiotherapy in early stage non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Many clinical trials have confirmed that postoperative adjuvant therapy can prolong survival of non-small cell lung cancer. However, the efficiency of postoperative chemotherapy without radiotherapy is unclear, especially in early stage (stages I and II). We aimed to assess the effect of postoperative chemotherapy without radiotherapy in early stage patients.

Quantum dot-based multispectral fluorescent imaging to quantitatively study co-expressions of Ki67 and HER2 in breast cancer.

Both Ki67 and HER2 are key prognostic molecules for invasive breast cancer (BC), but the individual relative impacts on prognosis of these molecules are not known. This study was aimed at establishing a quantum dot (QD)-based double-color in-situ quantitative imaging technique to study the co-expressions of Ki67 and HER2, and delineate the individual impacts of these molecules on prognosis. The QD-based fluorescent immunostaining technique could simultaneously image the co-expressions of Ki67 and HER2 in BC specimens, with the former stained as clear red fluorescence in cancer cell nucleus, and the latter as bright green fluorescence on cancer cell membrane.

New breast cancer prognostic factors identified by computer-aided image analysis of HE stained histopathology images.

Computer-aided image analysis (CAI) can help objectively quantify morphologic features of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) histopathology images and provide potentially useful prognostic information on breast cancer. We performed a CAI workflow on 1,150 HE images from 230 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. We used a pixel-wise support vector machine classifier for tumor nests (TNs)-stroma segmentation, and a marker-controlled watershed algorithm for nuclei segmentation.

Quantum dots-based tissue and in vivo imaging in breast cancer researches: current status and future perspectives.

As the most common malignant tumor for females, breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease regarding biological behaviors. Precisely targeted imaging on BC masses and biomarkers is critical to BC detection, treatment, monitoring, and prognostic evaluation. As an important imaging technique, quantum dots (QDs)-based imaging has emerged as a promising tool in BC researches owe to its outstanding optical properties.

[An algorithm of spectral minimum shannon entropy on extracting endmember of hyperspectral image].

It's significant to study the algorithm of endmember extraction, which is the key for pixel unmixing,in the fields of feature identification, abundance inversion, quantitative remote sensing and so on. Based on the theory of shannon entropy and Gaussian distribution function, a new algorithm, named spectral minimum shannon entropy (SMSE) method for extracting end-members of hyperspectral images, is proposed in the present paper after analyzing the characteristics of spectra of the hyperspectral images. This algorithm was applied to extract the endmembers of an AVRIRS hyperspectral image, it was found that these extracted endmember spectra have higher precision by matching with the spectral library of United States Geological Survey (USGS).

High expression of transform growth factor beta 1 in gastric cancer confers worse outcome: results of a cohort study on 184 patients.

Background/aims: Transform growth factors beta (TGFbeta) plays different roles at different stages of tumor development. TGFbeta1 is one isoform of TGFbeta, with complex secretion mechanism and bidirectional functions. This study was to investigate TGFbeta1 expression and its clinical significance in different clinicopathological subgroups of gastric cancer (GC) patients.

Long term follow up and retrospective study on 533 gastric cancer cases.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in China and the outcome of GC patients is poor. The aim of the research is to study the prognostic factors of gastric cancer patients who had curative intent or palliative resection, completed clinical database and follow-up.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 533 GC patients from three tertiary referral teaching hospitals from January 2004 to December 2010 who had curative intent or palliative resection, complete clinical database and follow-up information.

A clinical database of breast cancer patients reveals distinctive clinico-pathological characteristics: a study from central China.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in females worldwide. Many differences exist in clinico-pathological characteristics of breast cancer patients between China and Western countries. This study aimed to analyze clinico-pathological characteristics of breast cancer from central China.

[Harmonic analysis fusion of hyperspectral image and its spectral information fidelity evaluation].

Combined with the Hyperion hyperspectral image and ALI high spatial resolution band of the EO-1 satellite, the paper puts forward the harmonic analysis fusion (HAF) algorithm of hyperspectral image and the derivative spectral d-value's information entropy (DSD-IE) model of the spectral-fused information fidelity evaluation. Through calculating and evaluating some parameters such as the DSD-IE values, average gradient and standard deviation of the sample spectra meanwhile compared with the fused hyperspectral images by the traditional methods like the principal component analysis (PCA), Gram-Schmidt and wavelet, the fused hyperspectral iamge by the HAF has proved to have the higher information degree of spatial integration and spectral fidelity, and the better superiorities in the reliability, accuracy and applicability.

Computer-based image studies on tumor nests mathematical features of breast cancer and their clinical prognostic value.

Background: The expending and invasive features of tumor nests could reflect the malignant biological behaviors of breast invasive ductal carcinoma. Useful information on cancer invasiveness hidden within tumor nests could be extracted and analyzed by computer image processing and big data analysis.

Methods: Tissue microarrays from invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 202) were first stained with cytokeratin by immunohistochemical method to clearly demarcate the tumor nests.

Lymph node ratio is a better prognosticator than lymph node status for gastric cancer: A retrospective study of 138 cases.

To study the clinical significance of lymph node ratio (LNR) in gastric cancer (GC), this study analyzed 613 patients with GC who underwent surgical resection. Of 613 patients with GC, 138 patients who had >15 lymph nodes (LNs) resected and radical resection were enrolled into the final study. All major clinicopathological data were entered into a central database.