Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis may play a critical role in early stages of diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), as one of the most common and significant microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), continues to elude effective targeted treatment for vision loss despite ongoing enrichment of the understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms from perspectives such as inflammation and oxidative stress. Recent studies have indicated that characteristic neuroglial degeneration induced by DM occurs before the onset of apparent microvascular lesions. In order to comprehensively grasp the early-stage pathological changes of DR, the retinal neurovascular unit (NVU) will become a crucial focal point for future research into the occurrence and progression of DR.

Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Dictyostelids (Cellular Slime Molds) Colonizing the Ascocarp of .

spp. (true morels) are precious edible mushrooms consumed around the world, with a delicious taste, rich nutritional value, and unique healthcare effects. Various fungi and bacteria have been reported to colonize the ascocarps of , damaging their fruiting bodies and leading to serious economic losses in cultivation.

The ideal treatment timing for diabetic retinopathy: the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying early-stage diabetic retinopathy are a matter of concern.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent complication of diabetes, significantly impacting patients' quality of life due to vision loss. No pharmacological therapies are currently approved for DR, excepted the drugs to treat diabetic macular edema such as the anti-VEGF agents or steroids administered by intraocular route. Advancements in research have highlighted the crucial role of early intervention in DR for halting or delaying disease progression.

Effects of Three Essential Oil Fumigation Treatments on the Postharvest Control of and Their Efficacy as Preservatives of Cherry Tomatoes.

Cherry tomatoes () are becoming increasingly popular due to their nutrition and delicious flavor. However, cherry tomatoes are highly perishable and susceptible to various pathogenic microorganisms after harvest, such as . In the pretest experiment, we screened out three kinds of plant essential oils (EOs) ( oil, oil, and oil) that have strong fungicidal activity on from cherry tomatoes.

[A preliminary pharmacophylogenetic study of Solanaceae medicinal plants containing tropane alkaloids].

The Solanaceae plants distributed in China belong to 105 species and 35 varietas of 24 genera. Some medicinal plants of Solanaceae are rich in tropane alkaloids(TAs), which have significant pharmacological activities. In this paper, the geographical distribution, chemical components, traditional therapeutic effect, pharmacological activities, and biosynthetic pathways of TAs in Solanaceous plants were summarized.

New Enantiomers of a Nor-Bisabolane Derivative and Two New Phthalides Produced by the Marine-Derived Fungus LD-201810.

Marine-derived fungi are a treasure house for the discovery of structurally novel secondary metabolites with potential pharmaceutical value. In this study, a pair of new nor-bisabolane derivative enantiomers (±)-1 and two new phthalides (4 and 5), as well as four known metabolites, were isolated from the culture filtrate of the marine algal-derived endophytic fungus LD-201810. Their structures were established by detailed interpretation of spectroscopic data (1D/2D NMR and ESI-MS).

Severe hypothyroidism after orthognathic surgery: a case report.

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disease with reduced systemic metabolism, but the initial diagnosis is rare in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Due to the nonspecific symptoms, it is easy to be misdiagnosed and missed diagnosis which results in serious consequences. This paper presents a case of severe hypothyroidism which was characterized by airway obstruction, facial swelling, unexplained anaemia and bipedal edema after orthognathic surgery.

: A Treasure House of Structurally Diverse Secondary Metabolites With Medicinal Importance.

Fungi play an irreplaceable role in drug discovery in the course of human history, as they possess unique abilities to synthesize diverse specialized metabolites with significant medicinal potential. are well-studied filamentous fungi generally observed in nature, which are widely marketed as biocontrol agents. The secondary metabolites produced by have gained extensive attention since they possess attractive chemical structures with remarkable biological activities.

[Effects of organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer on the photosynthetic rate, nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice].

Rational application of organic fertilizers is an effective approach to improve soil fertility, crop yield, and zero growth of chemical fertilizer in agricultural production. The rice variety 'Shennong9816' was planted in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, under seven different treatments: zero nitrogen fertilizer (CK), low nitrogen, 150 kg·hm(LN), medium nitrogen, 240 kg·hm (MN), high nitrogen, 330 kg·hm(HN), medium nitrogen with replacement of chemical N by 10% organic manure (OMN), medium nitrogen with replacement of chemical N by 20% organic manure (OMN), and medium nitrogen with replacement of chemical N by 30% organic manure (OMN). The effects of different treatments on photosynthetic rate, nitrogen absorption, nitrogen use efficiency, and yield were examined and the optimal fertilization scheme was determined.

Bioactive Compounds from Plant-Based Functional Foods: A Promising Choice for the Prevention and Management of Hyperuricemia.

Hyperuricemia is a common metabolic disease that is caused by high serum uric acid levels. It is considered to be closely associated with the development of many chronic diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, hyperlipemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. While pharmaceutical drugs have been shown to exhibit serious side effects, and bioactive compounds from plant-based functional foods have been demonstrated to be active in the treatment of hyperuricemia with only minimal side effects.

Cytotoxic Secondary Metabolites Isolated from the Marine Alga-Associated Fungus LD-201810.

A new pentaketide derivative, penilactonol A (), and two new hydroxyphenylacetic acid derivatives, (2'R)-stachyline B (2) and (2'R)-westerdijkin A (3), together with five known metabolites, bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids 4-6 and meroterpenoids 7 and 8, were isolated from the solid culture of a marine alga-associated fungus LD-201810. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D/2D NMR and high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectra (HRESIMS). The absolute configurations of the stereogenic carbons in 1 were determined by the (Mo(OAc))-induced circular dichroism (CD) and comparison of the calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, while the absolute configuration of the stereogenic carbon in 2 was established using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

Placensin is a glucogenic hormone secreted by human placenta.

FBN1 encodes asprosin, a glucogenic hormone, following furin cleavage of the C-terminus of profibrillin 1. Based on evolutionary conservation between FBN1 and FBN2, together with conserved furin cleavage sites, we identified a peptide hormone placensin encoded by FBN2 based on its high expression in trophoblasts of human placenta. In primary and immortalized murine hepatocytes, placensin stimulates cAMP production, protein kinase A (PKA) activity, and glucose secretion, accompanied by increased expression of gluconeogenesis enzymes.

The Pharmacological Effects and Health Benefits of -A Medicine Food Homology Species.

is a widely used edible, traditional Chinese medicinal herb. It is rich in saponins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and other compounds. It contains a large number of fatty acids such as linoleic acid (up to 63.

New sesquiterpenoids with COX-2 inhibitory activity from the medical plant Physalis. alkekengi L. var. franchetii.

Phytochemical investigations on Physalis. alkekengi L. var.

Pyruvate Protects Against Intestinal Injury by Inhibiting the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway in Rats With Hemorrhagic Shock.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the role of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway in protection by peritoneal resuscitation (PR) using pyruvate-peritoneal dialysis solution (PY-PDS) against intestinal injury from hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-four rats were assigned to eight groups: group SHAM; group intravenous resuscitation (VR); groups NS, LA, and PY in which the rats were subjected to HS and PR with normal saline (NS), lactate-peritoneal dialysis solution (LA-PDS), and PY-PDS, respectively, combined with VR; and groups DMSO, RPM, and AG490 in which the rats were subjected to HS and VR with pretreatment of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), rapamycin (RPM), and tyrphostin B42 (AG490).

Results: At 2 h after HS and resuscitation, the levels of diamine oxidase, 15-F-isoprostane, thromboxane B, and endothelin-1, in the blood and the intestinal mucosal apoptotic index and caspase-3 were lower in groups PY, RPM, and AG490 than in groups VR, NS, LA, and DMSO.

Antineoplastic Constituents from the Chemical Diversified Extract of Radix puerariae.

To enhance the structural diversity of isoflavonoids and provide more derivatives for the biological screening, a semisynthetic mixture was generated by diversification of the crude extract of Radix puerariae (Pueraria montana var. lobata) through the chemical reaction with hydrazine hydrate. Eleven 3,4-diarylpyrazoles (1-11) and two 5-phenyl-6-benzyldihydropyridazinones (12 and 13) were isolated from the semisynthetic mixture, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods in combination with X-ray crystallographic analysis.

Ectopic Expression of a Thellungiella salsuginea Aquaporin Gene, TsPIP1;1, Increased the Salt Tolerance of Rice.

Aquaporins play important regulatory roles in the transport of water and small molecules in plants. In this study, a aquaporin was transformed into Kitaake rice, and three transgenic lines were evaluated by profiling the changes of the physiological metabolism, osmotic potential, and differentially expressed genes under salt stress. The TsPIP1;1 protein contains six transmembrane domains and is localized in the cytoplasm membrane.

UHPLC/Q-TOFMS-based plasma metabolomics of polycystic ovary syndrome patients with and without insulin resistance.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized with menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism and ovulatory abnormalities, is usually companied with insulin resistance (IR) and accounts for one of the most prevalent reproductive dysfunction of premenopausal women. Despite accumulating investigations, diagnostic standards of this pathological condition remain obscure. The aim of present study is to characterize the plasma metabolic characteristics of PCOS patients with and without IR, and subsequently identify the potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of PCOS and its IR complication.

An Intracellular Laccase Is Responsible for Epicatechin-Mediated Anthocyanin Degradation in Litchi Fruit Pericarp.

In contrast to the detailed molecular knowledge available on anthocyanin synthesis, little is known about its catabolism in plants. Litchi (Litchi chinensis) fruit lose their attractive red color soon after harvest. The mechanism leading to quick degradation of anthocyanins in the pericarp is not well understood.

EFFECT OF INTRAPERITONEAL RESUSCITATION WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF SODIUM PYRUVATE ON INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY IN HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK RAT.

Objective: To determine the effects of intraperitoneal resuscitation (PR) with different concentrations of sodium pyruvate (PY) on intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats hemorrhagic shock (HS).

Methods: Sixty rats were randomly assigned to six groups. These included: group SHAM, intravenous resuscitation only (VR) group, and four PR groups based on resuscitation fluid: glucose-lactate-based peritoneal dialysis solution (LA), and PY-1.

A soybean C2H2-type zinc finger gene GmZF1 enhanced cold tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis.

Zinc finger proteins were involved in response to different environmental stresses in plant species. A typical Cys2/His2-type (C2H2-type) zinc finger gene GmZF1 from soybean was isolated and was composed of 172 amino acids containing two conserved C2H2-type zinc finger domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that GmZF1 was clustered on the same branch with six C2H2-type ZFPs from dicotyledonous plants excepting for GsZFP1, and distinguished those from monocotyledon species.

[The phenotypic and genotypic diagnosis of three Chinese patients with von Willebrand disease].

Objective: To analyze the phenotype and genotype of three patients with von Willebrand disease (vWD), and to explore its molecular pathogenesis.

Methods: Bleeding time (BT), APTT, ristocetin induced platelet aggregation (RIPA), von Willebrand factor (vWF):ristocetin cofactor (Rco) (vWF:Rco), vWF antigen (vWF:Ag), vWF activity (vWF:A) test, vWF collagen binding assay (vWF:CB) and multimer analysis were detected for phenotype diagnosis. The dynamic process of blood coagulation was evaluated by using the thrombelastography.

[Phenotype and genotype analysis of two Chinese pedigrees with type 3 von Willebrand diseases].

Objective: To analyze the phenotype and genotype of two Chinese pedigrees with von Willebrand diseases, and to investigate the molecular pathogenesis.

Methods: Bleeding time (BT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA), von Willebrand factor-ristocetin cofactor (vWF:Rco), von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), von Willebrand factor activity (vWF:A), von Willebrand factor collagen binding assay (vWF:CB) and multimer analysis were used for phenotype diagnosis. DNA was extracted.