[Long-term prognosis of vesicoureteral reflux: a follow-up observation of 138 children].

Objective: To study the long-term prognosis of vesicoureteral reflux in children.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 138 children (218 ureters with reflux) who were diagnosed with vesicoureteral reflux for the first time from November 2005 to March 2017 and received medical treatment and regular follow-up. According to the initial grade of reflux, the ureters with reflux were divided into a low-grade group (141 ureters, grade I-III) and a high-grade group (77 ureters, grade IV-V), and the two groups were compared in terms of clinical data and follow-up results.

[Development of a water tank for X-ray dose measurement in stereotactic radiotherapy (X-knife)].

This paper presents a novel x-ray dose testing water tank used for the stereotactic radiation therapy system, including its constitution, structure and the method of using it. The water tank has a simple structure of inner and outer sleeves which are connected through a drowned pump and a water pipe in order to control the water level of the tank. The water tank featuring autoregulation and easy use is worthy of clinical application and popularization.

[A new method for static intensity-modulated radiation therapy].

Objective: To develop a new method for static intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) possible for implementation in smaller hospitals by incorporating accurate location equipments and treatment planning system in the available equipments for general radiotherapy.

Methods: Based on the techniques of conformal radiotherapy, a new split method for fabricating the three-dimensional physical compensator was developed to achieve IMRT.

Results: Experiment with the new method showed that the fabricated compensator could achieve good match between the high dosage shape in the target area and the dimensions of the tumor, and allowed adjustment of the dosage distribution according to the therapeutic requirement.

[Development of a new system for head and neck stereotactic conformal radiotherapy].

This paper introduces the constitution and fabrication of the new head and neck stereotactic conformal radiotherapy system. It remedies the shortages in the head and neck stereotactic conformal radiotherapy at present and it is deserved to be popularized in clinical applications.