A human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient with opportunistic infections: A case report.

Background: In rare cases, people living with chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection do not develop antibodies despite demonstrable infection. Delayed or missed diagnosis of HIV infection leads to a lack of timely therapy, resulting in rapid disease progression with opportunistic infections or malignancies.

Case Report: A 44-year-old Chinese man presented with sore throat, oral leukoplakia, fever, dyspnoea and diffuse ground glass-like lesions in both lungs.

Modulation of Tim-3 Expression by Antigen-Dependent and -Independent Factors on T Cells from Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.

T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) was up-regulated on viral specific T cells and contributed to T cells exhaustion during chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, modulation of Tim-3 expression was still not fully elucidated. To evaluate the potential viral and inflammatory factors involved in the inductor of Tim-3 expression on T cells, 76 patients with chronic HBV infection (including 40 chronic hepatitis B [CHB] and 36 asymptomatic HBV carriers [AsC]) and 40 of normal controls (NCs) were enrolled in this study.

Effect of 48-week pegylated interferon α-2a or nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy on renal function in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Background: Controversy remains as to whether antiviral agents contribute to renal dysfunction in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Thus, the aim of study was to analyze the changes in renal function of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in response to anti-HBV therapy and the association with treatments.

Method: We performed a retrospective observational cohort study to investigate factors associated with renal function in 249 Chinese CHB patients who were treated with pegylated interferon α-2a (PEG-IFN-α-2a) or nucleos(t)ide analogues for 48 weeks.

Notch Signaling Contributes to Liver Inflammation by Regulation of Interleukin-22-Producing Cells in Hepatitis B Virus Infection.

The mechanism of hepatitis B virus (HBV) induced liver inflammation is not fully elucidated. Notch signaling augmented interleukin (IL)-22 secretion in CD4 T cells, and Notch-IL-22 axis fine-tuned inflammatory response. We previously demonstrated a proinflammatory role of IL-22 in HBV infection.

Escherichia coli surface display of single-chain antibody VRC01 against HIV-1 infection.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission and infection occur mainly via the mucosal surfaces. The commensal bacteria residing in these surfaces can potentially be employed as a vehicle for delivering inhibitors to prevent HIV-1 infection. In this study, we have employed a bacteria-based strategy to display a broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01, which could potentially be used to prevent HIV-1 infection.

Humanized-BLT mouse model of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection.

Lack of an effective small-animal model to study the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection in vivo has hampered studies on the pathogenesis and transmission of KSHV. The objective of our study was to determine whether the humanized BLT (bone marrow, liver, and thymus) mouse (hu-BLT) model generated from NOD/SCID/IL2rγ mice can be a useful model for studying KSHV infection. We have tested KSHV infection of hu-BLT mice via various routes of infection, including oral and intravaginal routes, to mimic natural routes of transmission, with recombinant KSHV over a 1- or 3-mo period.

[The induced IL-21 levels in CD4(+) T cells of peripheral blood from the different clinical types of patients infected with hepatitis B virus].

Aim: To investigate the levels of interleukin (IL)-21 in CD4(+);T cells of peripheral blood from the different types of patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and elucidate its role in the hepatitis B pathogenesis.

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the patients infected with HBV and healthy individuals were stimulated with or without PMA coupled with ionomycin. The levels of IL-21 in CD4(+) T cells and Th17 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.

[Study on the mechanism of HLA-I-expressing regulation caused by the core region mutation of HBV adr subtype].

Objective: To study the influence and mechanism of HBV core region mutation on HLA-I expression.

Methods: Eukaryotic expression vectors of HBV core region mutations L97, G87 and V60 were constructed and transfected into HepG2 cells. Then the expressions of HLA-I were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.

[Experimental study on immune responses induced in mice by gp120 gene vaccine of Chinese HIV-1 strain].

Aim: To construct the gp120 DNA vaccine of Chinese HIV-1 strain and evaluate the immune responses induced with it in BALB/c mice.

Methods: The recombinant expression vector pVAX1-GP120 was constructed by inserting HIV gp120 gene into the eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1 and confirmed with EcoR I/Pst I and DNA sequencing. BALB/c mice were immunized with pVAX1-GP120 and pVAX1 respectively.

[Inhibition of momordica anti-HIV protein of MAP30 on HBeAg expression by laser scanning confocal microscopy].

Aim: To investigate the effect of momordica anti-HIV protein of M(r ) being 30 000 (MAP30) on HBV expression by laser scanning confocal microscopy.

Methods: HBV DNA-transfected hepatocarcinoma cells 2.2.