A finite element model of the shoulder: application to the changes of biomechanical environment induced by postoperative malrotation of humeral shaft fracture.

Objectives: The humerus fracture is one of the most commonly occurring fractures. In this research, we attempted to evaluate and compare the extent of malrotation and biomechanical environment after surgical treatment of humeral shaft fractures.

Methods: A finite element (FE) model of the shoulder was built based on Computed Tomography (CT) data of a patient with a humeral shaft fracture.