Exploring the Localization of Siderophore-Mediated Cargo Delivery in Gram-Negative Bacteria Using 3-Hydroxypyridin-4(1)-one-Fluorescein Probes.

The design of siderophore-antibiotic conjugates is a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance in negative bacteria. However, accumulating studies have shown that only those antibiotics acting on the cell wall or cell membrane multiply their antibacterial effects when coupled with siderophores, while antibiotics acting on targets in the cytoplasm of bacteria do not show an obvious enhancement of their antibacterial effects when coupled with siderophores. To explore the causes of this phenomenon, we synthesized several conjugate probes using 3-hydroxypyridin-4(1)-ones as siderophores and replacing the antibiotic cargo with 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM) or malachite green (MG) cargo.

Postischemic Housing Environment on Cerebral Metabolism and Neuron Apoptosis after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the roles of different housing environments in neurological function, cerebral metabolism, cerebral infarction and neuron apoptosis after focal cerebral ischemia. Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group (CG) and cerebral ischemia group, and the latter was further divided into subgroups of different housing conditions: standard environment (SE) subgroup, individual living environment (IE) subgroup, and enriched environment (EE) subgroup. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

[Research on periodontal changes on the compression side during rapid tooth movement into newly distracted bone].

Purpose: To investigate periodontal remodeling mechanism on the compression side during early tooth movement into newly distracted bone.

Methods: Ten male Beagle dogs were selected. Distraction osteogenesis was performed on randomized side as experimental group, while the fourth premolars were extracted on the other side as control group.