Publications by authors named "Lin Xinqing"
Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is initially highly sensitive to chemotherapy, which often leads to significant tumor reduction. However, the majority of patients eventually develop resistance, and the disease is further complicated by its "cold" tumor microenvironment, characterized by low tumor immunogenicity and limited CD8+ T cell infiltration. These factors contribute to the poor response to immunotherapy in many cases of extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significant therapeutic effects but can also cause fatal lung injury. However, the lack of mouse animal models of ICI-related lung injury (ICI-LI) has limited the in-depth exploration of its pathogenesis. In clinical practice, underlying lung diseases increase the risk of lung injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The aim of this study is to explore the clinicopathological features, radiographic manifestations, treatment options, and prognosis of primary pulmonary angiosarcoma (PPAS).
Method: We summarized and analyzed the clinical data of 11 patients with primary pulmonary angiosarcoma treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between January 2018 and January 2024. A retrospective analysis was conducted in conjunction with a review of the relevant literature.
The STK11 gene mutation is a common genetic alteration in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is significantly associated with poor responses to current immunotherapy regimens. Despite its prevalence, there is currently no established standard for front-line treatment in this subtype of NSCLC, underscoring the increasing need for personalized therapeutic strategies. In this report, we present a case of a patient with STK11-mutant NSCLC who was treated with first-line cadonilimab (10mg/kg) in combination with pemetrexed (500mg/m^2) plus carboplatin (AUC=5), resulting in a notable extension of progression-free survival (PFS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Non-small cell lung cancer-not otherwise specified (NSCLC-NOS) is a rare subtype of NSCLC that cannot be classified specifically based on morphology and/or special staining. This study aimed to explore the clinical features, biological and pathological characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of NSCLC-NOS.
Methods: This retrospective study included NSCLC-NOS patients diagnosed and treated between 2010 and 2022.
Article Synopsis
- FGFR is a vital receptor involved in growth and tissue repair, but its gene mutations can lead to cancer by disrupting essential processes.
- Small molecule drugs and antibodies targeting FGFR mutations, like erdafitinib and pemigatinib, have shown clinical efficacy in treating certain cancer types.
- Effective screening methods for FGFR variants are essential for utilizing FGFR inhibitors in treatment, and a consensus has been developed to standardize diagnosis and treatment processes.
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP) stands out as a particularly severe adverse event caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors, with a substantial real-world incidence ranging from 13 to 19%. While systemic corticosteroids represent the standard treatment for CIP, therapeutic options become limited in cases where patients do not respond to corticosteroid therapy. Such patients are classified as having steroid-resistant CIP, often associated with a poor prognosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors with BRAF mutations.
Innovation (Camb)
November 2024
Article Synopsis
- * BRAF mutations are common in various cancers, and targeted therapies, especially BRAF inhibitors like dabrafenib and trametinib, are developed for treating solid tumors with these mutations.
- * An expert consensus has been established to improve the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors with BRAF mutations, focusing on summarizing their clinical features, recommending genetic testing methods, and creating a systematic approach for patient care.
Article Synopsis
- Bisphosphonates are crucial for treating bone tumors by preventing bone loss; this study explores the effectiveness of a new bisphosphonate, [Lu]Lu-P15-073, in radioligand therapy for bone metastases.
- Ten patients aged 35 to 75 with bone metastases received a single dose of [Lu]Lu-P15-073, showing rapid accumulation in tumors and minimal impact on other organs, while demonstrating safety through blood tests and pain assessments.
- The results indicate that the treatment was well-tolerated, significantly reduced pain in most patients, and suggests that [Lu]Lu-P15-073 could be a promising option for managing bone metastases.
Article Synopsis
- The use of cancer therapies is increasing, leading to more cases of lung injuries, specifically interstitial lung disease (ILD), which is a significant cause of death in patients.
- Cancer therapy-related ILD (CT-ILD) can arise from various treatments like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, and can develop quickly and severely, highlighting the need for rapid diagnosis and treatment.
- This review covers the risk factors, mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic methods for CT-ILD, along with treatment strategies for grading, typing, and staging the condition.
Article Synopsis
- The coexistence of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) and lung cancer is becoming more frequent, complicating treatment options.
- Standard treatment protocols for patients with both conditions are still under investigation, creating challenges for clinicians.
- A reported case of PAP with lung adenocarcinoma shows improved lung conditions after surgical removal of the tumor, emphasizing the need to prioritize tumor treatment.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex syndrome with poorly understood mechanisms driving its early progression (GOLD stages 1-2). Elucidating the genetic factors that influence early-stage COPD, particularly those related to airway inflammation and remodeling, is crucial. This study analyzed lung tissue sequencing data from patients with early-stage COPD (GSE47460) and smoke-exposed mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Cadonilimab is a first-in-class bispecific PD-1/CTLA-4 antibody. Serine/threonine kinase (STK11) mutation was shown to be related to low PD-L1 expression and objective response rate (ORR) in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), resulting in poor progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Herein, we hypothesized that combining cadonilimab with chemotherapy could enhance antitumor immunity and extend survival in these patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To compare the prognostic differences between non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with mild and severe checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis (CIP), and explore the causes of death and prognostic risk factors in NSCLC patients with severe CIP.
Methods: A retrospective study of a cohort of 116 patients with unresectable stage III or IV NSCLC with any grade CIP from April 2016 to August 2022 were conducted. To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with different CIP grades, patients were divided into mild CIP group (grade 1-2, n=49) and severe CIP group (grade 3-5, n=67) according to the grade of CIP.
Article Synopsis
- Alectinib is an effective treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with ALK gene mutations, but patients often develop resistance, prompting the need to study post-resistance mutations for better management strategies.
- This study analyzed clinical data and genetic profiles of advanced NSCLC patients who became resistant to alectinib after being treated at a medical center in China, focusing on their subsequent treatment options.
- Results showed that most patients remained stable for several months on alectinib, but those who progressed typically transitioned to ceritinib, with mixed efficacy, while some underwent further experimental treatments that yielded variable results.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein receptor with intracellular tyrosine kinase activity. It is generally considered as a poor prognostic marker. Targeted therapies, such as small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), showed limited efficacy in HER2-mutant advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The prognosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients is poor, and the standard first-line treatment for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) is still chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy. The primary objectives of our study were to confirm the superior efficacy of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus etoposide and platinum (EP) for LS-SCLC and find crucial biomarkers.
Methods: We analyzed LS-SCLC patients from three medical centers, employing propensity score matching for group comparability.
Article Synopsis
- Fusion genes from the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family are significant players in cancer development, especially in lung cancer, where gene fusion incidence is 0.19 to 0.27%.
- Common partners for these fusions are CD74 and SLC3A2, and detection methods include RNA-based next-generation sequencing and pERBB3 immunohistochemistry for quick screening.
- Currently, there are no approved specific drugs for these fusions, but treatment options like pan-ERBB inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies are being explored, with clinical trials aiming to improve outcomes for patients with solid tumors containing these gene fusions.
Background: Pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) contributes to the ongoing global disease burden in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative populations. Since some PC patients are misdiagnosed under existing diagnostic guidelines, new diagnostic markers are needed to improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy and reduce disease risk.
Methods: Our previously established sphingolipidomic approach was employed to explore the use of serum sphingolipids (SPLs) in diagnosing HIV-negative patients with PC.
Combined small cell lung cancer (CSCLC) is a specific subtype of lung cancer characterized by a pathological mixture of small cell lung cancer and any subtype of non-small cell lung cancer components. Currently, our understanding of the clinicopathological features, origin, molecular characterization, treatment, and prognosis of CSCLC remains limited. CSCLCs represent examples of intratumor heterogeneity and pose challenges for accurate diagnosis.
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- The RET gene is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell growth and differentiation; its fusion is a rare but poor-prognosis alteration in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
- Two selective inhibitors, pralsetinib and selpercatinib, have been approved for treating RET fusion NSCLC, showing effectiveness against resistance to other treatments.
- Effective patient screening for RET fusion is vital, utilizing methods like NGS, RT-PCR, FISH, and IHC, with the goal of standardizing approaches to improve diagnosis and therapy outcomes.
Background: Lung cancer combined by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (LC-COPD) is a common comorbidity and their interaction with each other poses significant clinical challenges. However, there is a lack of well-established consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of LC-COPD.
Methods: A panel of experts, comprising specialists in oncology, respiratory medicine, radiology, interventional medicine, and thoracic surgery, was convened.
Article Synopsis
- Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) can make immuno-oncology treatments less popular because they cause different symptoms in patients.
- In this report, a patient with advanced lung cancer experienced a problem called pleural effusion (PE), which is when fluid builds up around the lungs, even after treatment with camrelizumab and chemotherapy.
- Although the cancer markers went down, the PE continued until the patient received special injections that helped reduce the fluid, suggesting that PE might be a rare complication to watch for in patients getting long-term immunotherapy.
Article Synopsis
- The results showed that patients receiving the combination treatment had a significantly better disease control rate (90.5% vs. 68.6%) and longer bone PFS (14.3 months vs. 8.3 months) compared to the control group, but there were no major differences in overall DCR and ORR.
- Additionally, anti-angiogenic therapy was identified as a favorable prognostic factor for bone metastatic PFS, while patients experiencing skeleton-related events had poorer outcomes,
Patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy are susceptible to prolonged and severe neutropenia. Multiple biosimilars of long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (LA-G-CSFs) have been newly developed to prevent this disease. Nonetheless, which LA-G-CSF regimen has the optimal balance of efficacy and safety remains controversial.
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