Primary Care Physicians' Responses to Treatment Burden in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Video Analysis in China.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the approaches general practitioners (GPs) use to respond to the treatment burden faced by people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 29 videos of GP-patient consultations in an academic general practice clinic in China. Thematic analysis and a framework matrix approach were used to identify patterns in GPs' responses to the identified issues.

Ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical detection of cancer markers based on heterojunctions constructed from BiO star-like flower nanoclusters and CdS hollow nanorods.

CYFRA21-1 is a tumor marker for lung cancer, and its rapid and accurate detection can provide evidence for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. In this work, Bi-Fe turnbull blue analogues (Bi-Fe-TBA) were synthesized by the self-templating method. BiO-SFNs was prepared by simple oxidation in air using Bi-Fe-TBA as a template.

Metabolic pathway and genetically causal links of 1,400 circulating metabolites on the risk of intracranial aneurysms and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: The rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) leads to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), which is associated with significant disability and mortality rates. This study aims to identify metabolic markers causally linked to the occurrence of IAs and aSAH through Mendelian randomization (MR), thereby offering novel predictive and therapeutic targets.

Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on IAs and aSAH, analyzing 1,400 metabolomic indices from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) cohort (n = 8,299).

Naringenin Inhibits Ferroptosis in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells of Diabetic Nephropathy Through SIRT1/FOXO3a Signaling Pathway.

Naringenin has the potential to regulate ferroptosis and mitigate renal damage in diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, it remains unclear whether the naringenin's effects in DN are linked to its ability to regulate ferroptosis. This study investigated the potential anti-ferroptosis properties of naringenin in high glucose (HG)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell models.

Refining risk stratification for B-cell precursor Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia treated with a Pediatric-inspired Regimen by Combining IKZF1 deletion and Minimal Residual Disease.

Unlabelled: Minimal residual disease (MRD) is the most important prognostic factor for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) however nearly 20-30% of patients relapsed even when they achieved negative MRD, how to identify these patients is less addressed. In this study, we aimed to reassess the prognostic significance of MRD and IKZF1 in adult B-ALL patients receiving pediatric chemotherapy regimens. In the PDT-ALL-2016 cohort (NCT03564470), adult B-ALL patients were treated with a pediatric-inspired regimen; patients were redefined as standard (MRD-negative and IKZF1wild-type), intermediate (MRD-positive or IKZF1 deletion), and high-risk (MRD-positive and IKZF1 deletion) groups by combining IKZF1 deletion status and MRD.

Raman spectroscopic fingerprinting for the identification and quantitative analysis of sports doping β - agonists based on gold nanopolyhedra.

Beta - stimulant, that is, β - adrenergic stimulant, also known as β - agonists, is bioactive catecholamine compounds naturally produced in animals' adrenal medulla glands that induce relaxation in asthmatic airway smooth muscles upon inhalation while also temporarily boosting athletic alertness and alleviating fatigue. However, their potential for dependency poses health risks including unnoticed exacerbation leading to severe illness or fatality prompting their inclusion on WADA's prohibited substances list. Surface - enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers a rapid, sensitive, and label - free means for identifying characteristic peaks associated with β - agonist compounds.

Monitoring a Railway Bridge with Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing Using Specially Installed Fibers.

This article explores the use of distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technology in monitoring civil infrastructure, with a concrete example of an elevated railway bridge in Taiwan. The field test utilized multiple strain-sensing fibers attached to a 1 km span of a bullet train railway bridge, which were combined to calculate the 3-dimensional bridge deformation. The installed sensing system and continuous measurements enabled quick safety confirmation after earthquakes of Richter scale 6.

Intermittent Supplementation with Far-Red Light Accelerates Leaf and Bud Development and Increases Yield in Lettuce.

Supplementation with far-red light in controlled environment agriculture production can enhance yield by triggering the shade avoidance syndrome. However, the effectiveness of this yield enhancement can be further improved through intermittent far-red light supplementation. In this study, the effects are explored of varying far-red light photon intensities and intermittent exposure durations-specifically at 5, 15, 30, and 45 min intervals-on the growth and development of lettuce () in plant factories, while maintaining a constant red light photon flux and daily light integral.

Higher dietary zinc intake increases the risk of autoimmune thyroiditis.

Background: Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), encompassing Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), is a prevalent chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies. It is the primary cause of primary hypothyroidism and affects women more frequently than men. Nearly 95% of individuals with HT exhibit thyroid peroxidase antibodies or thyroglobulin antibodies.

All-perovskite tandem solar cells achieving >29% efficiency with improved (100) orientation in wide-bandgap perovskites.

Monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells present a promising approach for exceeding the efficiency limit of single-junction solar cells. However, the substantial open-circuit voltage loss in the wide-bandgap perovskite subcell hinders further improvements in power-conversion efficiency. Here we develop wide-bandgap perovskite films with improved (100) crystal orientation that suppress non-radiative recombination.

High-sensitivity, high-speed, broadband mid-infrared photodetector enabled by a van der Waals heterostructure with a vertical transport channel.

The realization of room-temperature-operated, high-performance, miniaturized, low-power-consumption and Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible mid-infrared photodetectors is highly desirable for next-generation optoelectronic applications, but has thus far remained an outstanding challenge using conventional materials. Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures provide an alternative path toward this goal, yet despite continued efforts, their performance has not matched that of low-temperature HgCdTe photodetectors. Here, we push the detectivity and response speed of a 2D heterostructure-based mid-infrared photodetector to be comparable to, and even superior to, commercial cooled HgCdTe photodetectors by utilizing a vertical transport channel (graphene/black phosphorus/molybdenum disulfide/graphene).

Capture primed pluripotency in guinea pig.

Guinea pigs are valuable models for human disease research, yet the lack of established pluripotent stem cell lines has limited their utility. In this study, we isolate and characterize guinea pig epiblast stem cells (gpEpiSCs) from post-implantation embryos. These cells differentiate into the three germ layers, maintain normal karyotypes, and rely on FGF2 and ACTIVIN A signaling for self-renewal and pluripotency.

Liquid-nano-liquid interface-oriented anisotropic encapsulation.

Emulsion interface engineering has been widely employed for the synthesis of nanomaterials with various morphologies. However, the instability of the liquid-liquid interface and uncertain interfacial interactions impose significant limitations on controllable fabrications. Here, we developed a liquid-nano-liquid interface-oriented anisotropic encapsulation strategy for fabricating asymmetric nanohybrids.

CRISPR-Enabled Autonomous Transposable Element (CREATE) for RNA-based gene editing and delivery.

To address a wide range of genetic diseases, genome editing tools that can achieve targeted delivery of large genes without causing double-strand breaks (DSBs) or requiring DNA templates are necessary. Here, we introduce CRISPR-Enabled Autonomous Transposable Element (CREATE), a genome editing system that combines the programmability and precision of CRISPR/Cas9 with the RNA-mediated gene insertion capabilities of the human LINE-1 (L1) element. CREATE employs a modified L1 mRNA to carry a payload gene, and a Cas9 nickase to facilitate targeted editing by L1-mediated reverse transcription and integration without relying on DSBs or DNA templates.

Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling to predict the exposure and provide dosage regimens of tacrolimus in pregnant women with infection disease.

Tacrolimus is extensively used for the prevention of graft rejection following solid organ transplantation in pregnant women. However, knowledge gaps in the dosage of tacrolimus for pregnant patients with different CYP3A5 genotypes and infection conditions have been identified. This study aimed to develop a pregnant physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to characterize the maternal and fetal pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus during pregnancy and explore and provide dosage adjustments.

Harmonizing Cognitive and Psychosocial Needs in Cognitive Training: Lessons Learned from Piano Training in Persons Living with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Objectives: This qualitative study explored the potential of piano training as a holistic intervention to enhance both cognitive and emotional well-being. The study aims to detail the experiences of older adults living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a piano training program and recommend strategies to boost engagement.

Methods: Fourteen individuals (seven older adults with MCI and their family members) participated in individual semi-structured interviews before and after a 12-week group-based piano training program.

[Internal heat acupuncture therapy for 44 cases knee osteoarthritis of early to middle stages].

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of internal heat acupuncture therapy for knee osteoarthritis of early to middle stages, and explore its influence on cartilage thickness.

Methods: A total of 44 patients with knee osteoarthritis of early to middle stages were treated with internal heat acupuncture therapy at points (most of them are located at the subpatellar fat pad, both sides of the patellar ligament, the tendon of the quadriceps and the attachment of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments), once a week, a total of 4 weeks of treatment. Before and after treatment, after 3 months of treatment completion (in the follow-up), the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) score, frequency of 30-second chair stand test (30sCST), cartilage thickness of femoral intercondylar and knee joint ultrasound score were compared, and the clinical effect was evaluated.

Low-cost 3D human body reconstruction under limited views and girth measurement for the apparel customisation.

To enhance the convenience of human body 3D modelling, this study proposes a low-cost method for 3D body reconstruction under limited views, aiming to easily acquire client body size information through smart phone photography. The human body photos of the front, side and back view are captured, and background removal is performed using the U-Net human segmentation model. The PIFuHD model is utilised to obtain single-view point cloud patches, which are then mapped onto 2D images.

Preclinical studies of the falnidamol as a highly potent and specific active ABCB1 transporter inhibitor.

Background: ABCB1 overexpression is a key factor in causing multidrug resistance (MDR). As a result, it is crucial to discover effective medications against ABCB1 to overcome MDR. Falnidamol, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is currently in phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of solid tumors.

4D-DIA-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Involvement of TRPV2 Protein in Duck Tembusu Virus Replication.

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), a novel positive-sense RNA virus, has caused significant economic losses in the poultry industry of Eastern and Southeast Asia since its outbreak in 2010. Furthermore, the rapid transmission and potential zoonotic nature of DTMUV pose a threat to public health safety. In this study, a 4D-DIA quantitative proteomics approach was employed to identify differentially expressed cellular proteins in DTMUV-infected DF-1 cells, which are routinely used for virus isolation and identification for DTMUV, as well as the development of vaccines against other poultry viruses.

Covalent inhibitors of the RAS binding domain of PI3Kα impair tumor growth driven by RAS and HER2.

Genetic disruption of the RAS binding domain (RBD) of PI 3-kinase (PI3K) prevents the growth of mutant RAS driven tumors in mice and does not impact PI3K's role in insulin mediated control of glucose homeostasis. Selectively blocking the RAS-PI3K interaction may represent an attractive strategy for treating RAS-dependent cancers as it would avoid the toxicity associated with inhibitors of PI3K lipid kinase activity such as alpelisib. Here we report compounds that bind covalently to cysteine 242 in the RBD of PI3K p110α and block the ability of RAS to activate PI3K activity.

Basic Considerations for the Consistency Evaluation Based on ICH E17 Guideline.

In the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidance on General Principles for Planning and Design of Multi-Regional Clinical Trials (E17), it is important to evaluate the consistency of treatment effect across regions in a multi-regional clinical trial (MRCT). In this paper, we elaborated on some basic considerations to evaluate consistency. We first list the design considerations, and then provide consistency evaluation and interpretation on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, safety, and benefit-risk.

Uniform single-crystal mesoporous metal-organic frameworks.

The synthesis of mesoporous metal-organic frameworks (meso-MOFs) is desirable as these materials can be used in various applications. However, owing to the imbalance in structural tension at the micro-scale (MOF crystallization) and the meso-scales (assembly of micelles with MOF subunits), the formation of single-crystal meso-MOFs is challenging. Here we report the preparation of uniform single-crystal meso-MOF nanoparticles with ordered mesopore channels in microporous frameworks with definite arrangements, through a cooperative assembly method co-mediated by strong and weak acids.

Analysis of the predictive value of the prostate-specific antigen-to-neutrophil ratio for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Background: Currently, serum PSA is the most commonly used screening tool in clinical practice. However, PSA levels in the range of 4-10 ng/ml are considered the 'grey zone' of prostate cancer screening. Patients within this range need to be further evaluated using additional parameters such as PSA ratio, PSA density, and other indices to determine the necessity of prostate biopsy (PBx).

Learning curve insights in Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic (UBE) spinal procedures: proficiency cutoffs and the impact on efficiency and complications.

Objective: This study systematically assesses the learning curve of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic (UBE) techniques across various spinal surgeries, focusing on its influence on operative efficiency and complication rates to guide optimized training and practice.

Methods: Systematic searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library identified studies on UBE learning curves for patients aged 18 or older, comparing early and mastery phases. Two reviewers independently extracted data on surgery type, operative time, and complications.