Targeting cancer with precision: strategical insights into TCR-engineered T cell therapies.

T cell receptor-engineered T (TCR-T) cell therapies are at the forefront of cancer immunotherapy, offering a transformative approach that significantly enhances the ability of T cells to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. This innovative method involves genetically modifying TCRs to increase their affinity for tumor-specific antigens. While these enhancements improve the ability of T cells to recognize and bind to antigens on cancer cells, rigorous assessment of specificity remains crucial to ensure safety and targeted responses.

Orchestrating cancer therapy: Recent advances in nanoplatforms harmonize immunotherapy with multifaceted treatments.

Advancements in cancer therapy have increasingly focused on leveraging the synergistic effects of combining immunotherapy with other treatment modalities, facilitated by the use of innovative nanoplatforms. These strategies aim to augment the efficacy of standalone treatments while addressing their inherent limitations. Nanoplatforms enable precise delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents, which enhances treatment specificity and reduces systemic toxicity.

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and Waldenström macroglobulinemia, a decade after the discovery of MYD88.

There has been remarkable progress over the past 80 years since Jan Waldenstrom first described patients with a hyperviscosity syndrome related to IgM paraprotein in 1944. The definition of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) has evolved from a clinical syndrome to a distinct clinicopathologic entity with characteristic morphology, immunophenotype and molecular features. The landmark discovery of MYD88 mutation among most WM cases in 2012 marked the dawning of an era of molecular genomic exploration that led to a paradigm shift in clinical practice.

The Spectrum of B-cell and Plasma Cell Proliferations in Nodal T Follicular Helper Cell Lymphomas.

B-cell and plasma cell proliferations are frequently observed in nodal T follicular helper (nTfh) cell lymphomas and can present a diagnostic challenge. These proliferations can be monotypic or monoclonal and morphologically resemble lymphoma or plasmacytoma, but their clinical behavior is poorly defined. In this study, we reviewed 414 cases of nTfh lymphoma seen over the past decade at our institution.

Unexpected Mediastinal Mass Etiology in B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Leukemic masses are a known complication in patients with hematologic malignancies. Here we present a case regarding a patient with recently diagnosed B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) who presented with multiple sites of extramedullary involvement including an anterior mediastinal mass. This mass persisted despite multiple rounds of multiagent cytotoxic therapy.

Metabolic gatekeepers: harnessing tumor-derived metabolites to optimize T cell-based immunotherapy efficacy in the tumor microenvironment.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) orchestrates a complex interplay between tumor cells and immune cells, crucially modulating the immune response. This review delves into the pivotal role of metabolic reprogramming in the TME, highlighting how tumor-derived metabolites influence T lymphocyte functionality and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. Focusing on the diverse roles of these metabolites, we examine how lactate, lipids, amino acids, and other biochemical signals act not only as metabolic byproducts but as regulatory agents that can suppress or potentiate T cell-mediated immunity.

Optimizing CD8 T cell-based immunotherapy via metabolic interventions: a comprehensive review of intrinsic and extrinsic modulators.

CD8 T cells are integral to the effective management of cancer and infectious diseases due to their cytotoxic functions. The efficacy of these cells is profoundly influenced by their metabolic state, which regulates their activation, differentiation, and longevity. Accordingly, the modulation of metabolic pathways within CD8 T cells is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of T cell-based immunotherapy.

Post-Translational Modifications of RNA-Modifying Proteins in Cellular Dynamics and Disease Progression.

RNA-modifying proteins, classified as "writers," "erasers," and "readers," dynamically modulate RNA by adding, removing, or interpreting chemical groups, thereby influencing RNA stability, functionality, and interactions. To date, over 170 distinct RNA chemical modifications and more than 100 RNA-modifying enzymes have been identified, with ongoing research expanding these numbers. Although significant progress has been made in understanding RNA modification, the regulatory mechanisms that govern RNA-modifying proteins themselves remain insufficiently explored.

Tumor Microenvironment-Derived Exosomes: A Double-Edged Sword for Advanced T Cell-Based Immunotherapy.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer progression and immune evasion, partially mediated by the activity of the TME-derived exosomes. These extracellular vesicles are pivotal in shaping immune responses through the transfer of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells, facilitating a complex interplay that promotes tumor growth and metastasis. This review delves into the dual roles of exosomes in the TME, highlighting both their immunosuppressive functions and their emerging therapeutic potential.

Flow cytometric immunophenotypic features of acute myeloid leukemia with mast cell differentiation.

Objectives: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with mast cell (MC) differentiation was recently described as an aggressive subgroup of AML cases. The objectives of this study were to assess the flow cytometric immunophenotypic features of AML-MC cases.

Methods: We characterized the immunophenotypic features of 21 AML-MC cases by flow cytometry and compared them to 20 reactive/regenerating bone marrow specimens.

From the archives of MD Anderson Cancer Center: Composite mantle cell lymphoma and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma involving bone marrow at presentation.

Composite lymphoma, defined as two or more distinct well-defined entities involving the same anatomic site, is rare. Here we report a 79-year-old woman with composite mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) involving bone marrow at the time of initial diagnosis. The patient presented with splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy and laboratory studies showed an elevated serum IgM level and IgM kappa paraprotein.

Spatial Mapping of Bioactive Metabolites in the Roots of Three Species by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

is a kind of medicinal plant that has made a great contribution to human health because of the presence of bioactive metabolites: saikosaponins and flavonoids. Despite their importance, it has been a challenge to visually characterize the spatial distribution of these metabolites in situ within the plant tissue, which is essential for assessing the quality of . The development of a new technology to identify and evaluate the quality of medicinal plants is therefore necessary.

Quantitative ternary network-oriented discovery of Q-markers from traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions: Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang as a case study.

Background: The proposal of Q-markers for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) represents a novel avenue of research pertaining to the quality control of TCM prescriptions. However, prior exploratory studies on Q-markers with multiple properties consistently neglected the consideration of weights, hampering our ability to accurately gauge the significance of each property and potentially leading to a flawed comprehension of Q-markers.

Purpose: In this study, a quantitative ternary network strategy was firstly proposed to visually discover the Q-markers from TCM prescriptions, and it has been successfully applied into the quality control study of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT), a classical TCM prescription.

Unveiling the veil of RNA binding protein phase separation in cancer biology and therapy.

RNA-binding protein (RBP) phase separation in oncology reveals a complex interplay crucial for understanding tumor biology and developing novel therapeutic strategies. Aberrant phase separation of RBPs significantly influences gene regulation, signal transduction, and metabolic reprogramming, contributing to tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Our review highlights the integral roles of RBP phase separation in stress granule dynamics, mRNA stabilization, and the modulation of transcriptional and translational processes.

Oral antidiabetic therapy versus early insulinization on glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients: a retrospective matched cohort study.

Our study aims to compare the efficacy of oral antidiabetic therapy to early insulinization on glycemic control among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients in real-world clinical practice. A retrospective cohort study conducted at a medical center in Taiwan analyzed 1256 eligible patients from January 2007 to December 2017. Propensity score matching resulted in well-balanced groups of 94 patients each in the oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) and early insulinization cohorts.

CD28 Costimulation Augments CAR Signaling in NK Cells via the LCK/CD3ζ/ZAP70 Signaling Axis.

Multiple factors in the design of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) influence CAR T-cell activity, with costimulatory signals being a key component. Yet, the impact of costimulatory domains on the downstream signaling and subsequent functionality of CAR-engineered natural killer (NK) cells remains largely unexplored. Here, we evaluated the impact of various costimulatory domains on CAR-NK cell activity, using a CD70-targeting CAR.

Tunable electronic and magnetic properties of defective g-ZnO monolayer doping with non-metallic elements.

Context: The electronic and magnetic properties of non-metallic (NM) elements doping defective graphene-like ZnO (g-ZnO) monolayer including O vacancy (V) and Zn vacancy (V) are studied. The results show that V-g-ZnO is a semiconductor and V-g-ZnO is a magnetic semiconductor. B, C, N, Si, P, 2S, and 2Si doping V-g-ZnO systems present half-metal and magnetic semiconductors, and the magnetism mainly originates from the spin polarization of doping atoms.

Clinical potential of serum prostaglandin A2 as a novel diagnostic biomarker for hepatocellular cancer.

Background: Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is one of the most harmful tumors to human health. Currently, there is still a lack of highly sensitive and specific HCC biomarkers in clinical practice. In this study, we aimed to explore the diagnostic performance of prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) for the early detection of HCC.

Evaluation of the anti-atherosclerotic effect for Allium macrostemon Bge. Polysaccharides and structural characterization of its a newly active fructan.

Allium Macrostemon Bge. (AMB) is a well-known homology of herbal medicine and food that has been extensively used for thousands of years to alleviate cardiovascular diseases. It contains a significant amount of polysaccharides, yet limited research exists on whether these polysaccharides are responsible for its cardiovascular protective effects.

Strategic disruption of cancer's powerhouse: precise nanomedicine targeting of mitochondrial metabolism.

Mitochondria occupy a central role in the biology of most eukaryotic cells, functioning as the hub of oxidative metabolism where sugars, fats, and amino acids are ultimately oxidized to release energy. This crucial function fuels a variety of cellular activities. Disruption in mitochondrial metabolism is a common feature in many diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative conditions and cardiovascular diseases.

A 1T'-MoTe/GaN van der Waals Schottky junction for self-powered UV imaging and optical communication.

Schottky-type self-powered UV photodetectors are promising for next-generation imaging systems. Nevertheless, conventional device fabrication using high-energy metal deposition brings unintentional interface defects, leading to deteriorated device performance and inhomogeneities. Emerging two-dimensional (2D) metallic materials offer an alternative pathway to overcoming such limitations because of their naturally passivated surfaces and the ease of combining with mature bulk semiconductors van der Waals (vdW) integration.