Effect of the Novel Free Radical Scavenger 4'-Hydroxyl-2-Substituted Phenylnitronyl Nitroxide on Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis Induced by Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats.

Mitochondrial dysfunction, which results in the overproduction of oxygen free radicals, is a crucial mechanism underlying cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. 4'-Hydroxyl-2-substituted phenylnitronyl nitroxide (HPN), which is an antioxidant and free radical scavenger, can effectively scavenge oxygen free radicals, suggesting its potential as a protective agent against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this study, we investigated the effects of HPN on mitochondrial function and apoptosis following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

[Chemical Constituents with Anti-hypoxia Activity from Saussurea involucrata].

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents with anti-hypoxia activity from Saussurea involucrata.

Methods: The chemical constituents, isolated and purified by column chromatography from Saussurea involucrata, were identified by several spectroscopic methods. The anti-hypoxic activities of these compounds were examined using the normobaric hypoxic model of mice.

Effect of Xiaoyaosan on major depressive disorder.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Xiaoyaosan (XYS) for treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and to review the studies on antidepressant mechanisms of XYS.

Methods: The China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (1998-2014), VIP Journal Integration Platform (1989-2009), and PubMed (1950-2014) were used to search for and collect scientific publications related to XYS and MDD. Clinical trials for "MDD" and "xiaoyao" were screened.

Protective effect of apigenin on ischemia/reperfusion injury of the isolated rat heart.

Apigenin (Api), a mainly bioactive component of Apium graveolens L. var. dulce DC.

[Protective effect and action mechanism of petroleum ether extracts from Saussurea involucrate on brain tissues of hypoxia rats].

Objective: To investigate the protective effect and action mechanism of petroleum ether extracts from Saussurea involucrate on brain tissues of hypoxia rats under constant pressure and closed conditions.

Method: The PESI dosage-dependent experiment for hypoxia rats was conducted under constant pressure and closed conditions by intraperitoneally injecting 125, 250, 500 mg x kg(-1) to finalize that the optimum dosage is the high dose of PESI. Afterwards, 90 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the hypoxic model group, the acetazolamide 250 mg x kg(-1) group and the PESI high dose group.

[Effect of ethanol extract from Saussurea involucrata on biochemical indicators of simulated high-altitude hypoxia induced mice].

Objective: To estimate the effect of ethanol extract from Saussurea involucrata (EES) on biochemical indicators of simulated high-altitude hypoxia induced mice and its mechanism.

Methods: The oxidative stress indicator( MDA content, SOD activity) and metabolism parameters (LD content, LDH activity, ATP content, Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase activity) in both brain and heart of the simulated high-altitude hypoxia induced mice were detected.

Results: Compared with the model group, the ESS group could significantly increase the activity of SOD and LDH and decrease the content of MDA and LD in both brain and heart, the content of ATP and the activity of Na+ -K -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase were also elevated.

5,6-Dihy-droxy-7,8-di-meth-oxy-flavone.

5,6-dihy-droxy-7,8-dimeth-oxy-2-phenyl-chromen-4-one), C17H14O6, is a flavone that was isolated from the petroleum ether-soluble fraction of the rare traditional Chinese medicinal herb Saussurea involucrata. The flavone mol-ecule is almost planar, with a dihedral angle between the planes of the benzo-pyran-4-one group and the attached phenyl group of 1.89 (6)°.

The antioxidative effect of a novel free radical scavenger 4'-hydroxyl-2-substituted phenylnitronyl nitroxide in acute high-altitude hypoxia mice.

Acute mountain sickness is caused by sub-acute hypoxia in healthy individuals going rapidly to altitude. Both tissue hypoxia in vitro and whole-body hypoxia in vivo have been found to promote the release of reactive oxygen species. Nitronyl nitroxide can trap free radicals such as ·NO or ·OH, and may therefore be efficient protective agents.

Effects of buyang huanwu decoction on ventricular remodeling and differential protein profile in a rat model of myocardial infarction.

Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) is a well-known and canonical Chinese medicine formula from "Correction on Errors in Medical Classics" in Qing dynasty. Here, we show that BYHWD could alleviate the ventricular remodeling induced by left anterior descending (LAD) artery ligation in rats. BYHWD treatment (18 g/kg/day) decreased heart weight/body weight (HW/BW), left ventricle (LV) dimension at end diastole (LVDd) and increased LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV fractional shortening (LVFS) significantly compared to model group at the end of 12 weeks.

Simultaneous determination of four shanzhiside methylester derivatives in rabbit plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of shanzhiside methylester and its three derivatives in rabbit plasma. The method showed good linearity and no endogenous material interfered with the marked compounds and internal standard (IS) capatol peaks. Samples were processed by acetonitrile precipitation.

2-[3-Hy-droxy-4-(2-hy-droxy-eth-oxy)phen-yl]-4,4,5,5-tetra-methyl-2-imidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide.

In the title compound, C(15)H(21)N(2)O(5), the imidazoline ring displays a twisted conformation. The mean plane of the imidazoline ring makes a dihedral angle of 22.55 (5)° with the benzene ring.

Methyl 2-{[2-(4,4,5,5-tetra-methyl-1,3-dioxyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazol-2-yl)phen-yl]-oxy}acetate.

In the title compound, C(16)H(21)N(2)O(5), the benzene ring is nearly perpendicular to the imidazole ring, making a torsion angle of 88.6 (8)°·The crystal structure is stabilized by non-classical C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions, which build up a three-dimensional network.

2-[2-(2-Hy-droxy-eth-oxy)phen-yl]-4,4,5,5-tetra-methyl-2-imidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide.

In the title compound, C(15)H(21)N(2)O(4), the nitronyl nitroxide unit displays a twisted conformation. The crystal structure is stabilized by non-classical C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π hydrogen bonds, which build up a three-dimensional network.

2-[4-(2-Hy-droxy-eth-oxy)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetra-methyl-2-imidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide.

In the title compound, C(15)H(21)N(2)O(4), the imidazoline ring displays a twisted conformation. The dihedral angle between the mean plane of the imidazoline ring and the benzene ring is 33.50 (12)°.

Three new flavonoid glycosides from Urena lobata.

Three new flavonoid glycosides, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), kaempferol-4'-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (2), and 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxy-flavone-6-O-β-D-arabinopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Urena lobata L., along with 10 known compounds (4-13). Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as HR-ESI-MS.

Anti-hypoxic activity at simulated high altitude was isolated in petroleum ether extract of Saussurea involucrata.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Rhodiola algida, Saussurea involucrata, and other herbs grown in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau have long been used to prevent and treat acute mountain sickness.

Aim Of The Study: To screen and identify the anti-hypoxic constituents in the herbs grown in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau of Northwestern China.

Materials And Methods: The anti-hypoxic activities of 20 selected plateau herbs were examined against two positive controls, Rhodiola algida and acetazolamide, using the normobaric hypoxia model of mice.

(R)-2-[1-(2,6-Dichloro-3,4,5-trimeth-oxy-benzo-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]-4,4,5,5-tetra-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-oxyl 3-oxide.

In the title compound, C(21)H(28)Cl(2)N(3)O(6), the nitronyl nitroxide ring displays a half-chair conformation, whereas the pyrrolidine ring has an envelope conformation. These two rings are twisted to each other with N-C-C-N torsion angles around the connecting C-C bond of 48.9 (6) and -127.

2-[1-(4-Chloro-benzo-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]-4,4,5,5-tetra-methyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-oxyl-3-oxide.

In the title compound, C(18)H(23)ClN(3)O(3), the imidazole ring system has an envelope conformation, whereas the nitronyl nitroxide unit displays a half-chair or twisted conformation. In the crystal, C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds build up a three-dimensional network.

[Studies on the chemical constituents from petroleum ether portion of Abelmoschus esculentus].

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Abelmoschus esculentus.

Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by chromatography on silica gel and recrystallization. The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral date.