Upregulation of IQGAP2 by EBV transactivator Rta and its influence on EBV life cycle.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human oncogenic γ-herpesvirus that establishes persistent infection in more than 90% of the world's population. EBV has two life cycles, latency and lytic replication. Reactivation of EBV from latency to the lytic cycle is initiated and controlled by two viral immediate-early transcription factors, Zta and Rta, encoded by and , respectively.

Type I Interferon Orchestrates Demand-Adapted Monopoiesis during Influenza A Virus Infection via STAT1-Mediated Upregulation of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor Expression.

Whether and how a local virus infection affects the hematopoietic system in the bone marrow is largely unknown, unlike with systemic infection. In this study, we showed that influenza A virus (IAV) infection leads to demand-adapted monopoiesis in the bone marrow. The beta interferon (IFN-β) promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1)-type I IFN-IFN-α receptor 1 (IFNAR1) axis-mediated signaling was found to induce the emergency expansion of the granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (GMP) population and upregulate the expression of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR) on bipotent GMPs and monocyte progenitors via the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), leading to a scaled-back proportion of granulocyte progenitors.

Antibody decay, T cell immunity and breakthrough infections following two SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with infliximab and vedolizumab.

Anti tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs increase the risk of serious respiratory infection and impair protective immunity following pneumococcal and influenza vaccination. Here we report SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immune responses and breakthrough infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, who are treated either with the anti-TNF antibody, infliximab, or with vedolizumab targeting a gut-specific anti-integrin that does not impair systemic immunity. Geometric mean [SD] anti-S RBD antibody concentrations are lower and half-lives shorter in patients treated with infliximab than vedolizumab, following two doses of BNT162b2 (566.

HLA-DR polymorphism in SARS-CoV-2 infection and susceptibility to symptomatic COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 infection results in different outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to mild or severe disease and death. Reasons for this diversity of outcome include differences in challenge dose, age, gender, comorbidity and host genomic variation. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms may influence immune response and disease outcome.

Heterologous infection and vaccination shapes immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

The impact of the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infecting strain on downstream immunity to heterologous variants of concern (VOCs) is unknown. Studying a longitudinal healthcare worker cohort, we found that after three antigen exposures (infection plus two vaccine doses), S1 antibody, memory B cells, and heterologous neutralization of B.1.

Rapid Degradation Pathways of Host Proteins During HCMV Infection Revealed by Quantitative Proteomics.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important pathogen in immunocompromised individuals and neonates, and a paradigm for viral immune evasion. We previously developed a quantitative proteomic approach that identified 133 proteins degraded during the early phase of HCMV infection, including known and novel antiviral factors. The majority were rescued from degradation by MG132, which is known to inhibit lysosomal cathepsins in addition to the proteasome.

[Effects of undergrowth vegetation management measures on the soil bacterial community structure of large diameter timber plantation of Cunninghamia lanceolata].

Given the importance of undergrowth vegetation to plantation ecosystem, this study analyzed the effects of three kinds of understory management measures, including understory preservation, understory removal, and interplanting, on the soil bacterial diversity, community structure and relative abundance under large diameter timber plantation of Cunninghamia lanceolata using high-throughput sequencing technology. The relationship between soil physical and chemical properties and bacterial community diversity were analyzed. The results showed that Chao1, Ace and Shannon indices of soil bacterial communities of understory preservation were higher than those of understory removal and interplanting.

Dysregulation of Dual-Specificity Phosphatases by Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 and Its Impact on Lymphoblastoid Cell Line Survival.

The strongest evidence of the oncogenicity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is its ability to immortalize human primary B lymphocytes into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Yet the underlying mechanisms explaining how the virus tempers the growth program of the host cells have not been fully elucidated. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are implicated in many cellular processes and are constitutively activated in LCLs.

[Characteristics of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and its seasonal dynamics in four mid-subtropical forests].

Taking evergreen broad-leaved forest in mid-subtropical areas, and its converted Phoebe bournei, Phyllostachys heterocycla and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations as research objects, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) in the surface (0-10 cm) and deep soil layer (40-60 cm) were measured by chloroform fumigation and extraction method, with their seasonal dynamics and the relationships with soil physicochemical properties in four types of forests being investigated. The results showed that the MBC and MBN in the surface soil was the highest in the evergreen broad-leaved forest, followed by P. bournei, P.

High-Definition Analysis of Host Protein Stability during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Reveals Antiviral Factors and Viral Evasion Mechanisms.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important pathogen with multiple immune evasion strategies, including virally facilitated degradation of host antiviral restriction factors. Here, we describe a multiplexed approach to discover proteins with innate immune function on the basis of active degradation by the proteasome or lysosome during early-phase HCMV infection. Using three orthogonal proteomic/transcriptomic screens to quantify protein degradation, with high confidence we identified 35 proteins enriched in antiviral restriction factors.

Transferrin receptor 1 is a reticulocyte-specific receptor for .

shows a strict host tropism for reticulocytes. We identified transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) as the receptor for reticulocyte-binding protein 2b (PvRBP2b). We determined the structure of the N-terminal domain of PvRBP2b involved in red blood cell binding, elucidating the molecular basis for TfR1 recognition.

CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts reveal genetic interaction between strain-transcendent erythrocyte determinants of invasion.

During malaria blood-stage infections, parasites interact with the RBC surface to enable invasion followed by intracellular proliferation. Critical factors involved in invasion have been identified using biochemical and genetic approaches including specific knockdowns of genes of interest from primary CD34 hematopoietic stem cells (cRBCs). Here we report the development of a robust in vitro culture system to produce RBCs that allow the generation of gene knockouts via CRISPR/Cas9 using the immortal JK-1 erythroleukemia line.

Regulation of EBV LMP1-triggered EphA4 downregulation in EBV-associated B lymphoma and its impact on patients' survival.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an oncogenic human virus, is associated with several lymphoproliferative disorders, including Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). In vitro, EBV transforms primary B cells into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Recently, several studies have shown that receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play important roles in EBV-associated neoplasia.

Maintenance of Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Status by a Novel Mechanism, Latent Membrane Protein 1-Induced Interleukin-32, via the Protein Kinase Cδ Pathway.

Unlabelled: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an oncogenic herpesvirus, has the potential to immortalize primary B cells into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) in vitro. During immortalization, several EBV products induce cytokines or chemokines, and most of these are required for the proliferation of LCLs. Interleukin-32 (IL-32), a recently discovered proinflammatory cytokine, is upregulated after EBV infection, and this upregulation is detectable in all LCLs tested.

Study on the relationship of cPLA2, CK-MB, and membrane phospholipid content in acute myocardial infarction.

Increased plasma creatine kinase-myoglobin (CK-MB) occurs in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but its underlying relationship with cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is poorly understood. In the present study we sought to determine cPLA2 activation and its relationship with plasma and myocardial CK-MB level and membrane phospholipids (PLs) in an animal model of AMI. AMI was induced in 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats by ligating the left anterior descending of coronary artery.

Simvastatin inhibits sPLA2 IIa expression in aorta and myocardium.

Background And Aims: Group IIa secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2 IIa) induces atherosclerosis by altering systemic lipoprotein mechanism. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and localization of sPLA2 IIa in atherosclerosis of rat aorta, myocardium and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and to explore the effect of simvastatin on sPLA2 IIa expression.

Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, test group, and simvastatin group.