Mapping the distribution of Nipah virus infections: a geospatial modelling analysis.

Background: Nipah virus is a zoonotic paramyxovirus responsible for disease outbreaks with high fatality rates in south and southeast Asia. However, knowledge of the potential geographical extent and risk patterns of the virus is poor. We aimed to establish an integrated spatiotemporal and phylogenetic database of Nipah virus infections in humans and animals across south and southeast Asia.

Cutaneous Delivery of Cosmeceutical Peptides Enhanced by Picosecond- and Nanosecond-Domain Nd:YAG Lasers with Quick Recovery of the Skin Barrier Function: Comparison with Microsecond-Domain Ablative Lasers.

Picosecond or nanosecond-domain non-ablative lasers generate faster photothermal effects and cause less injury than microsecond lasers. In this study, we investigated the enhancing effect of 1064 nm picosecond- and nanosecond-domain neodymium (Nd):yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) lasers on the cutaneous delivery of cosmeceutical peptides. Microsecond-domain fractional ablative CO and fully ablative erbium (Er):YAG lasers were also used for comparison.

Changes in notifiable infectious disease incidence in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Nationwide nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been effective at mitigating the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but their broad impact on other diseases remains under-investigated. Here we report an ecological analysis comparing the incidence of 31 major notifiable infectious diseases in China in 2020 to the average level during 2014-2019, controlling for temporal phases defined by NPI intensity levels. Respiratory diseases and gastrointestinal or enteroviral diseases declined more than sexually transmitted or bloodborne diseases and vector-borne or zoonotic diseases.

Broad Impacts of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Acute Respiratory Infections in China: An Observational Study.

Background: To combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented worldwide, which impacted a broad spectrum of acute respiratory infections (ARIs).

Methods: Etiologically diagnostic data from 142 559 cases with ARIs, who were tested for 8 viral pathogens (influenza virus [IFV], respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], human parainfluenza virus [HPIV], human adenovirus [HAdV], human metapneumovirus [HMPV], human coronavirus [HCoV], human bocavirus [HBoV], and human rhinovirus [HRV]) between 2012 and 2021, were analyzed to assess the changes in respiratory infections in China during the first COVID-19 pandemic year compared with pre-pandemic years.

Results: Test-positive rates of all respiratory viruses decreased during 2020, compared to the average levels during 2012-2019, with changes ranging from -17.

Imperatorin inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathways and alleviates neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke.

Aims: Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke, and the effect of imperatorin on post-stroke neuroinflammation is not fully understood.

Methods: Primary microglia were treated with imperatorin for 2 h followed by LPS (100 ng/ml) for 24 h. The expression of inflammatory cytokines was detected by RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot.

The changing pattern of enteric pathogen infections in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nation-wide observational study.

Background: Non pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) including hand washing directives were implemented in China and worldwide to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, which are likely to have had impacted a broad spectrum of enteric pathogen infections.

Methods: Etiologically diagnostic data from 45 937 and 67 395 patients with acute diarrhea between 2012 and 2020, who were tested for seven viral pathogens and 13 bacteria respectively, were analyzed to assess the changes of enteric pathogen infections in China during the first COVID-19 pandemic year compared to pre-pandemic years.

Findings: Test positive rates of all enteric viruses decreased during 2020, compared to the average levels during 2012-2019, with a relative decrease of 71•75% for adenovirus, 58•76% for norovirus, 53•50% for rotavirus A, and 72•07% for the combination of other four uncommon viruses.

Province-specific alcohol-attributable cancer deaths and years of potential life lost in China.

Objective: Cancer is a major cause of death in China. As alcohol drinking, a risk factor of cancer, is common in China, we aimed to estimate the alcohol-attributable cancer deaths and years of potential life lost (YPLL) across all provinces in China.

Methods: We estimated the proportion of cancer deaths and YPLL attributable to alcohol consumption at the province level.

A study on inhibition of the Aβ-induced inflammatory response by the Huatuo Zaizao pill through the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Introduction: The pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) includes β-amyloid (Aβ) (plaques) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). This study aimed to explore the efficacy of Huatuo Zaizao pill (HTZP) in an AD mouse model induced by injecting Aβ, and the neuroprotective mechanism of HTZP in AD.

Material And Methods: C57BL/6 (B6) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups ( = 10, per group): control group, AD model group, and 2 different doses of HTZP treated groups.

Neuroprotective effects of ZL006 in Aβ-treated neuronal cells.

Amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). ZL006 is shown to reduce over-produced nitric oxide and oxidative stress in ischemic stroke by interrupting the interaction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and postsynaptic density protein 95. However, few studies are reported on the role of ZL006 in AD.

The absorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into the skin to elicit cutaneous inflammation: The establishment of structure-permeation and in silico-in vitro-in vivo relationships.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can induce skin toxicity. Although some investigations have been conducted to assess the skin toxicity of different PAHs, few comparisons using a series of PAHs with different ring numbers and arrangements have been done. We aimed to explore the skin absorption of 6 PAH compounds and their effect on cutaneous inflammation.

LncRNA-1810034E14Rik reduces microglia activation in experimental ischemic stroke.

Background: Activation of microglial cells plays an important role in neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke. Inhibiting the activation of microglial cells has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Methods: Oxygen-glucose deprivation in primary microglial cells and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in C57BL/6 mice were used as the in vitro and in vivo ischemic stroke models.

Huatuo Zaizao pill ameliorates cognitive impairment of APP/PS1 transgenic mice by improving synaptic plasticity and reducing Aβ deposition.

Background: It is well known that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory deficits and cognitive decline. Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and synaptic dysfunction play important roles in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Huatuo Zaizao pill (HT) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that has been used clinically for many years in China, mainly for post-stroke rehabilitation and cognitive decline; however, the mechanism of cognitive function is not clear.

In Situ Analysis of Oxygen Vacancies and Band Alignment in HfO/TiN Structure for CMOS Applications.

The density of oxygen vacancies characterization in high-k/metal gate is significant for semiconductor device fabrication. In this work, a new approach was demonstrated to detect the density of oxygen vacancies by in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurement. Moreover, the band alignment of the structure with optical band gap measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and valence band offset by UPS were reported.

Panaxatriol saponins promotes angiogenesis and enhances cerebral perfusion after ischemic stroke in rats.

Background: Panaxatriol saponins (PTS), an extract from the traditional Chinese herb Panax notoginseng, which has been used to treat ischemic stroke for many years in China. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of PTS remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether PTS can protect against ischemic brain injury by promoting angiogenesis and to explore the possible mechanism by which it promotes angiogenesis.

Neuronal Soluble Fas Ligand Drives M1-Microglia Polarization after Cerebral Ischemia.

Aims: This study explored sFasL expression in neurons and the potential role of neuronal sFasL in modulating the microglial phenotypes.

Methods: In vivo, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in both FasL-mutant (gld) and wild-type (wt) mice. In vitro, primary cortical neuron or microglia or coculture from wt/gld mice was subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD).

Hydroxy-safflor yellow A attenuates Aβ₁₋₄₂-induced inflammation by modulating the JAK2/STAT3/NF-κB pathway.

Beta-amyloid (Aβ)-mediated inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of Alzheimer׳s disease (AD). Anti-inflammatory treatment may provide therapeutic benefits. In this study, the effect of hydroxy-safflor yellow A (HSYA) on Aβ1-42-induced inflammation in AD mice was investigated and the underlying mechanisms were explored.