Noncystoscopic Removal of Double-J Stent in Women: Feasibility and Safety.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a simple noncystoscopic method previously applied in children for removing double-J stents applied in women by comparing the hospitalization time, operation time, costs, complications, and success rate.

Methods: One hundred eighty women who underwent either cystoscopic or noncystoscopic double-J stent removal in a randomized manner. They were randomly assigned 1:1 to groups of cystoscopic double-J stent removal (n = 90) or noncystoscopic double-J stent removal (n = 90).

Cancer Stem Cells in Tumours of the Central Nervous System in Children: A Comprehensive Review.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subgroup of cells found in various kinds of tumours with stem cell characteristics, such as self-renewal, induced differentiation, and tumourigenicity. The existence of CSCs is regarded as a major source of tumour recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) are the most common solid tumours in children, which have many different types including highly malignant embryonal tumours and midline gliomas, and low-grade gliomas with favourable prognoses.

OSCA-finder: Redefining the assay of kidney disease diagnostic through metabolomics and deep learning.

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a platform for urine and blood sample analysis. However, the high variability in the urine sample reduced the confidence of metabolite identification. Therefore, pre and post-calibration operations are inevitable to ensure an accurate urine biomarker analysis.

Single-port laparoscopy-assisted trans-scrotal hernia sac ligation for pediatric male inguinal hernia.

Objective: We report the introduction of a novel single-port laparoscopic-assisted trans-scrotal hernia sac ligation (LAT-HSL) technique for the treatment of inguinal hernias in pediatric males. In this article, we describe the LAT-HSL technique and the outcomes.

Methods: Twenty-five male children with confirmed unilateral inguinal hernia who underwent surgical treatment from January 2020 to September 2021 were selected for this study.

Assessment of cancer-related signaling pathways in responses to polystyrene nanoplastics via a kidney-testis microfluidic platform (KTP).

As a new type of environmental pollutants, micro/nano plastics (MPs/NPs) derived from plastic products are commonly contact in daily life and lead to some serious health issues. The toxicity effects of MPs/NPs on the human body have aroused wide concerns. Although MPs/NPs have been reported to be transmitted into the kidney and reproductive organs, the molecular mechanisms of MPs/NPs toxicity remain unclear due to the lack of a physiologically relevant organ-organ linking platform in vitro.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging the spatial distribution of biodegradable vascular stents using a self-made semi-quantitative target plate.

In recent years, the development and optimization of biodegradable coronary stents have become the research focus of many medical device manufacturers and scientific research institutions since they can be completely degraded and absorbed, and they restore vascular function. However, there is a lack of in situ quantification of these stents spatially in tissue in vivo. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT ICR) and time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) were used to analyze the time-dependent distributions of a biodegradable vascular scaffold, which consisted of copolymers of lactic acid and glycolic acid (PLGA) and its degradation products in cross-sections and longitudinal sections of blood vessels.

Renal-on-Chip Microfluidic Platform with a Force-Sensitive Resistor (ROC-FS) for Molecular Pathogenesis Analysis of Hydronephrosis.

Hydronephrosis is one of the most common diseases in urology. However, due to the difficulties in clinical trials and the lack of reliable platforms, the surgical indicators are not clear. Herein, the renal-on-chip with a force-sensitive resistor microfluidic platform was established to simulate the state of hydronephrosis.

[Urine metabolomics analysis based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry combined with osmolality calibration sample concentration variability].

Urine is an important source of biomolecular information for metabolomic studies. However, the acquisition of high-quality metabolomic datasets or reliable biomarkers from urine is difficult owing to the large variations in the concentrations of endogenous metabolites in the biofluid, which are caused by diverse factors such as water consumption, drugs, and diseases. Thus, normalization or calibration is essential in urine metabolomics for eliminating such deviations.

Evaluation of correlation between sagittal balance and plantar pressure distributions in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A pilot study.

Background: To evaluate the correlation between baropodometric parameters and sagittal parameters for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods: 44 volunteers (7 males and 37 females) were recruited. All participants were diagnosed as adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by X-ray before baropodometric study.

Association of neural tube defects with congenital abnormalities of the urogenital system in a Chinese cohort.

Background: This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the correlation between congenital abnormality of the urogenital system and various factors in children with neural tube defects (NTDs).

Methods: A total of 190 children with congenital NTDs, who were admitted to a hospital from May 2013 to May 2018, were included into the present study. All admitted children with congenital NTDs were carried out routine abdominal B-ultrasound examinations to determine the malformations of the abdominal organs, including the urinary system.

Corrigendum: The Application of External Ureteral Catheters in Children With Acute Kidney Injury Caused by Ceftriaxone-Induced Urolithiasis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.

Maternal exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors during pregnancy is associated with pediatric germ cell tumors.

Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are natural or synthetic chemical compounds that interfere with normal endocrine function in both wildlife and humans. Previous studies have indicated that EEDs may contribute to oncogenesis. This study explores the relationship between EEDs and pediatric germ cell tumors (GCTs).

The clinical manifestations of intermittent hydronephrosis and their relationship with renal function in pediatric patients.

Background And Objective: Most patients with intermittent hydronephrosis have preserved differential renal function (DRF), while others already have impaired DRF at diagnosis. We summarized the clinical manifestations of intermittent hydronephrosis to elucidate what may be related to DRF loss.

Study Design: We retrospectively reviewed patients presenting to our department with unilateral Dietl's Crisis between January 2014 and December 2017.

The Application of External Ureteral Catheters in Children With Acute Kidney Injury Caused by Ceftriaxone-Induced Urolithiasis.

To evaluate our use of external ureteral catheters in children with acute kidney injury (AKI) resulting from ceftriaxone-induced urolithiasis. From July 2010 to June 2015, a series of 15 children, including 12 males and 3 females, were referred to our department. All of them were diagnosed of post-renal AKI and underwent emergent hospitalization.

Correlation between spinal coronal balance and static baropodometry in children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Background: Scoliosis is accepted as a 3-dimensional deformity involving axial, sagittal and frontal planes.

Research Question: To evaluate the correlation between baropodometric parameters and coronal balance status for idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods: 44 patients (7 males and 37 females) of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) were recruited.

Nine novel HOGA1 gene mutations identified in primary hyperoxaluria type 3 and distinct clinical and biochemical characteristics in Chinese children.

Background: Primary hyperoxaluria type 3 (PH3) is characterized by mutations in the 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase (HOGA1) gene. PH3 patients are thought to present with a less severe phenotype than PH1 and PH2 patients. However, the clinical characteristics of PH3 patients have yet to be defined in sufficient detail.

Identification of 8 novel gene variants in primary hyperoxaluria in 21 Chinese children with urinary stones.

Purpose: We analyzed primary hyperoxaluria (PH) genotype and phenotype in Chinese children. Vitamin B response in the patients with genetically confirmed PH1 was also studied.

Methods: We, respectively, analyzed 80 children with urinary stones.

Quantitative Urinary Proteome Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction.

Purpose: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a common obstructive disease. To investigate useful urinary biomarkers in UPJO children, the urinary proteome in UPJO infants is analyzed and it is compared with normal controls.

Experimental Design: A tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics study is performed to analyze the proteome of bladder urine (BU) and pelvis urine (PU) from unilateral UPJO infants with differential renal function less than 40% and they are compared with normal control urine (CON).

Predictive Factors of Contralateral Operation after Initial Pyeloplasty in Children with Antenatally Detected Bilateral Hydronephrosis Due to Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction.

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze the predictive factors of a contralateral operation after initial pyeloplasty in patients with antenatally detected bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Methods: Patients with prenatally diagnosed bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction who underwent initial pyeloplasty (aged <12 months at initial pyeloplasty) were offered to participate in the study. Patients were recruited from January 2012 to December 2015.

An initial differential renal function between 35% and 40% has greater probability of leading to normal after pyeloplasty in patients with unilateral pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction.

Purpose: We compared the outcomes in patients who were <1 year old and had hydronephrosis with SFU grade 3-4 PUJ obstruction to observe the potential recovery of renal morphology and DRF after successful pyeloplasty.

Methods: All children younger than 1 year old with SFU grade 3-4 PUJ obstruction from January 2013 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 92 children were grouped according to their DRF value at pyeloplasty as follows: DRF from 30 to ≤35% (group I) and DRF from 35 to ≤40% (group II).

Iatrogenic Fibroepithelial Polyps in Children With Hydronephrosis.

Objective: To discover the possible factor of the iatrogenic fibroepithelial polyps (FEPs).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective chart review of 28 pediatric patients who have undergone pyeloplasties for ureteropelvic junction obstruction with pathologically proven FEPs was performed from January 2009 to June 2016 at our hospital. Among them, 6 patients without apparent FEPs at the time of the first pyeloplasty were found to have FEPs at the time of reoperation.

Repair of Urethrovaginal Fistula Secondary to Pelvic Fracture With a Labia Minora Skin Flap in Young Girls.

The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of transpubic access using a pedicle flap from the labia minora for urethral reconstruction in young girls with urethrovaginal fistula secondary to pelvic fracture. Between January 2011 and January 2016, 4 cases of traumatic urethrovaginal fistula in young girls were treated using a pedicle flap from the labia minora. The mean follow-up was 27 months.

Management of Renal Artery Occlusion Related to Multiple Trauma in Children: Two Case Reports.

We report 2 successful treatment cases of renal artery occlusion (RAO) related to multiple trauma. A 4-year-old boy was diagnosed with right RAO and liver laceration after a traffic accident. Surgical thrombectomy and revascularization were performed, but the lacerated liver was not sutured.

Functional and Morphological Outcomes of Pyeloplasty at Different Ages in Prenatally Diagnosed Society of Fetal Urology Grades 3-4 Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction: Is It Safe to Wait?

Objective: To evaluate changes in functional and morphological outcomes in children with prenatally diagnosed Society of Fetal Urology (SFU) grades 3-4 ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) who underwent pyeloplasty at different ages. We also examined the effect of surgical wait time on recovery of renal function.

Materials And Methods: All patients (aged 0-12 months) with prenatally diagnosed SFU grades 3-4 UPJO who underwent pyeloplasty in a single center between January 2013 and December 2015 were reviewed.

Non-cystoscopic Removal of Retained Ureteral Stents With Mild Sedation in Children.

Introduction: We present a novel noncyctoscopic procedure in removing retained ureteral stents that requires minimal sedation and significantly reduces operation time and costs compared to the cystoscopy-based procedure.

Technical Considerations: We used a simple self-made device, which was made of an Fr5 feeding tube and a monofilament suture to remove the stents. Although the success rate is very high with this new procedure, it is important to point out that approximately 13% of our patients required 2 to 3 trials to remove the stents.