[Overview on the market, supervision and standardization of nanomaterial-contained medical devices].

In this paper, industry development and market tendency, supervision and standardization of nanomaterial-contained medical devices are overviewed comprehensively based on a large number of reference data including national and international information. Furthermore, the consideration about standardization of biological evaluation for nanomaterial-contained medical devices is discussed by combined some works performed in our laboratory.

RNA-Seq Uncovers SNPs and Alternative Splicing Events in Asian Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera).

RNA-Seq is an efficient way to comprehensively identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and alternative splicing (AS) events from the expressed genes. In this study, we conducted transcriptome sequencing of four Asian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) cultivars using Illumina HiSeq2000 platform to identify SNPs and AS events in lotus. A total of 505 million pair-end RNA-Seq reads were generated from four cultivars, of which 86% were mapped to the lotus reference genome.

LOTUS-DB: an integrative and interactive database for Nelumbo nucifera study.

Besides its important significance in plant taxonomy and phylogeny, sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) might also hold the key to the secrets of aging, which attracts crescent attentions from researchers all over the world. The genetic or molecular studies on this species depend on its genome information.

Bi-specific antibodies with high antigen-binding affinity identified by flow cytometry.

Using conventional approaches, the antigen-binding affinity of a novel format of bi-specific antibody (BsAb) cannot be determined until purified BsAb is obtained. Here, we show that new lipoprotein A (NlpA)-based bacteria display technology, combined with flow cytometry (FCM), can be used to detect antigen-binding affinity of BsAbs, in the absence of expression and purification work. Two formats of BsAb, scFv2-CH/CL and Diabody-CH/CL, specific for human interleukin 1β (hIL-1β) and human interleukin 17A (hIL-17A), were constructed and displayed in Escherichia coli using NlpA-based bacteria display technology.

[Expression and immunogenicity analysis of truncated glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in fish].

Objective: To investigate the immunogenicity of different regions of glycoproteins in fish infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV).

Methods: The glycoproteins was truncated and expressed according to the prediction of antigenicity and hydrophobicity by DNAStar 6.0 software.

Genome sequence and genetic diversity of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio.

The common carp, Cyprinus carpio, is one of the most important cyprinid species and globally accounts for 10% of freshwater aquaculture production. Here we present a draft genome of domesticated C. carpio (strain Songpu), whose current assembly contains 52,610 protein-coding genes and approximately 92.

[Research on the treatment of liver failure rats with transplantation of alginate microencapsulated hepatocytes in vivo based on poly-ornithine].

This study aims to explore the effects of alginate-poly ornithine-alginate (A-PLO-A) and barium alginate-poly ornithine-alginate (B-PLO-A) microcapsules as cells carriers during implantation. Mice hepatocytes coated in A-PLO-A and B-PLO-A microcapsules were implanted into rats with acute liver failure caused by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine. The rat survival rate, liver cell growth, proliferation and metabolism within the microcapsules were investigated, as well as its effect on the improvement of rat acute liver failure.

Toxic responses in rat embryonic cells to silver nanoparticles and released silver ions as analyzed via gene expression profiles and transmission electron microscopy.

After exposing rat embryonic cells to 20 μg/mL of silver nanoparticle (NP) suspension and their released ions for different time periods, silver nanoparticles were found in cellular nuclei, mitochondria, cytoplasm and lysosomes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We also observed mitochondrial destruction, distension of endoplasmic reticulum and apoptotic bodies. Global gene expression analysis showed a total of 279 genes that were up-regulated and 389 genes that were down-regulated in the silver-NP suspension exposure group, while 3 genes were up-regulated and 41 genes were down-regulated in the silver ion exposure group.

Synergistic effect of interfacial lattice Ag(+) and Ag(0) clusters in enhancing the photocatalytic performance of TiO2.

An interfacial lattice Ag(+) doped on TiO2 (Ag(+)/TiO2) was prepared by eluting Ag(0) clusters from a hydrothermally prepared Ag(0)/Ag(+)/TiO2 composite. An Ag(+)/TiO2@Ag(0) composite photocatalyst was subsequently obtained via a secondary Ag(0) clusters loading process to the Ag(+)/TiO2. The photocatalytic activity of Ag(+)/TiO2@Ag(0) was greatly improved compared to Ag(0)/Ag(+)/TiO2 and Ag(+)/TiO2.

Epitope mapping of the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus glycoprotein by flow cytometry.

The glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus was truncated to ten overlapping fragments. All fragments were displayed on the inner membrane of the Escherichia coli periplasm. After disruption of the outer membrane, spheroplasts that had anchored with the glycoprotein fragment were incubated with an anti-glycoprotein polyclonal antibody.

Duplication and differentiation of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) myoglobin genes revealed by BAC analysis.

Two distinct myoglobin (mb) transcripts have been reported in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, which is a hypoxia-tolerant fish living in habitats with greatly fluctuant dissolved oxygen levels. Recombinant protein analysis has shown functional specialization of the two mb transcripts. In this work, analysis for mb-containing bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones indicated different genome loci for common carp myoglobin-1 (mb-1) and myoglobin-2 (mb-2) genes.

[Therapeutic efficacy of three bispecific antibodies on rheumatoid arthritis mice models].

In order to obtain the lead compound for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in this study, therapeutic efficacy of three bispecific antibodies (BsAB-1, BsAB-2 and BsAB-3) against both hIL-1beta and hIL-17 were compared on CIA model mice. First, by ELISA method we compared the binding capacity of the three bispecific antibodies to the two antigens. The results showed that all three antibodies could simultaneously bind both antigens, among these antibodies, BsAB-1 was superior over BsAB-2 and BsAB-3.

Optimization of linkage mapping strategy and construction of a high-density American lotus linkage map.

Background: Lotus is a diploid plant with agricultural, medicinal, and ecological significance. Genetic linkage maps are fundamental resources for genome and genetic study, and also provide molecular markers for breeding in agriculturally important species. Genotyping by sequencing revolutionized genetic mapping, the restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) allowed rapid discovery of thousands of SNPs markers, and a crucial aspect of the sequence based mapping strategy is the reference sequences used for marker identification.

Therapeutic efficacy of three bispecific antibodies on collagen-induced arthritis mouse model.

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) are inducible factors and important cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, three bispecific and neutralizing antibodies (BsAB-1, BsAB-2 and BsAB-3) against both hIL-1β and hIL-17A were constructed, their therapeutic efficacy was compared on collagen induced arthritis (CIA) model mice. In vitro assays demonstrated that the three antibodies could simultaneously bind to target both hIL-1β and hIL-17A.

scFv antibodies against infectious bursal disease virus isolated from a combinatorial antibody library by flow cytometry.

Infectious bursal disease is an economically important disease that affects chickens worldwide. Here, a recombinant single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody library derived from chickens immunized with VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was constructed. The library was subjected to three rounds of screening by flow cytometry against VP2 protein through a bacteria display technology, resulting in the enrichment of scFv.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate blocked autophagy flux and induced lysosome membrane permeabilization in HepG2 cells.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an emerging persistent organic pollutant widely distributed in the environment, wildlife and human. In this study, as observed under the transmission electron microscope, PFOS increased autophagosome numbers in HepG2 cells, and it was confirmed by elevated LC3-II levels in Western blot analysis. PFOS increased P62 level and chloroquine failed to further increase the expression of LC3-II after PFOS treatment, indicating that the accumulation of autophagosome was due to impaired degradation rather than increased formation.

Characterization of mycobacterial UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyle transferase (MurA).

The mycobacterial peptidoglycan has structure and biosynthetic pathways to similar those of other bacteria. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyle transferase (MurA) catalyzes the first reaction in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. The MurA enzyme has been identified from various bacterial species, but the in-depth biochemical properties of mycobacterial MurA have not been characterized.

[Prokaryotic expression and immunogenicity analysis of glycoprotein from infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus].

In order to detect Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus with immunological methods, the surface glycoprotein of a recent IHNV-Sn isolated from farmed rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in China was amplified and cloned into pET27b(+) vector (designated as pET27b-G ). The expression of recombinant plasmid pET27b-G in E. coli BL21(DE3) was induced and determined by SDS-PAGE analysis.

Anchored periplasmic expression (APEx)-based bacterial display for rapid and high-throughput screening of B cell epitopes.

We truncated the VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus into five fragments: V1-5. All fragments were displayed on the inner membrane of the Escherichia coli periplasm. After disruption of the outer membrane, spheroplasts that had anchored with the VP2 fragment were incubated with an anti-VP2 polyclonal antibody (pAb).

Gene expression changes leading extreme alkaline tolerance in Amur ide (Leuciscus waleckii) inhabiting soda lake.

Background: Amur ide (Leuciscus waleckii) is an economically and ecologically important cyprinid species in Northern Asia. The Dali Nor population living in the soda lake Dali Nor can adapt the extremely high alkalinity, providing us a valuable material to understand the adaptation mechanism against extreme environmental stress in teleost.

Results: In this study, we generated high-throughput RNA-Seq data from three tissues gill, liver and kidney of L.

[Expression of serum cytokines in patients with pneumoconiosis by antibody chip].

Objective: To investigate the changes in expression of serum cytokines in patients with pneumoconiosis using cytokine antibody chips (CACs).

Methods: The CAC technology was applied to measure the serum levels of 60 cytokines in 12 patients with pneumoconiosis and 3 normal controls.

Results: In the patients with pneumoconiosis, the highly expressed serum cytokines included interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, ILs 4-16, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF-β, human bone morphogenetic protein-6, fibroblast growth factor-7, neurotrophin-3, and stem cell factor, and the lowly expressed serum cytokines included recombinant human I-309, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1-δ, and MIP-3-α.

A neutralization scFv antibody against IL-1β isolated from a NIPA-based bacterial display library.

Objective: RA is one of autoimmune diseases, has drawn great attention of the world. Currently, the anti- IL-1β monoclonal antibody Canakinumab (ACZ885) for treatment of RA has entered into clinical trials. However, Full length antibody has large molecular weight, and is difficult to penetrate the tissue or the nidus.

[Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against hFGF-21 and identification of epitope].

Objective: To prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human fibroblast growth factor 21 (hFGF-21), and identify the epitope of hFGF-21 mAb through bacterial display.

Methods: With hFGF-21 as an immunogen and detective antigen, we screened hybridoma cell lines secreting anti-hFGF-21 mAbs using indirect ELISA. The different fragments of hFGF-21 were cloned into bacterial display vector (Apex) to identify the epitope by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using FITC-labeled mAbs.